Thick tubule-like

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Thick tubule-like
King bolete (Butyroboletus regius)

King bolete ( Butyroboletus regius )

Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Thick tubule-like
Scientific name
Boletales
E.-J. Gilbert

Boletales (Boletales) are an order of the stand mushrooms from the kingdom of fungi . The type species of the order Boletales is the common boletus ( Boletus edulis ) as the type species of the genus Boletus naming the order (boletus or thick boletus ). Most tube mushrooms belong to the thick tube relatives family .

features

With a few exceptions, the order of the Boletales is defined anatomically by the ontogeny and structure of the rhizomorphs and chemotaxonomically by special ingredients, for example pulvic acid derivatives.

The typical Boletales rhizomorphs are formed by a long precursor hypha , which branches far behind the tip of the hypha, forming a backward-running hypha, which immediately branches again and runs forward again. This double branching is the basis for the later knot formation of the rhizomorphs at this point, on which these branches themselves. The rhizomorphs differentiate in the further course of the ontogeny by forming broad vessel hyphae inside for the transport of water and matter. The septa of the hyphae dissolve completely or largely, so that long tubes are formed in this way. Almost all boletales form this highly specialized type of rhizomorph.

Exceptions are only here Schmierling relatives (Gomphidiaceae), the wood Kremp Ling relatives (Tapinellaceae) and the Truncocolumellaceae , indicating a basal position within the order of Bolelates. In the case of the wood crumb relatives, the basal position has also been genetically confirmed, which means that, as plesiomorphic characteristics, they still show little differentiated rhizomorphs. The genus of the yellow feet ( Chroogomphus ) does not form any rhizomorphs, which is unique within the Boletales. The genus of the muttlings ( Gomphidius ) and the genus Truncocolumella in turn both form only primitive, undifferentiated rhizomorphs. In the brittle relatives and the Truncocolumellaceae, however, a basal position within the Boletales cannot be genetically traced, since the three genera are in the derived subordination of the Suillineae. It is not yet possible to answer whether the highly developed rhizomorphs of the Boletales type were secondarily reduced here or whether this rhizomorph type was formed independently more than once in the order of the Boletales.

It is also not possible to unambiguously characterize the order of the thick tubule-like using the ingredients, since the genus Omphalotus ( mushroom-like , family Omphalotaceae ) is also formed for the thick tubule-like typical pulvic acid derivatives , but is related very far from the thick tubule-like.

The types of fruiting bodies within the thick tubule-like are very diverse. Most species form boletoid , i.e. tube-bearing fruiting bodies with a removable fruit layer. But there are also blade-bearing (eg. Species in the families of Dickröhrlingsverwandten phylloporus , genus Phylloporus ), the Schmierling relatives (genres of Schmierling and yellow feet), the family of Hygrophoropsidaceae (genus hygrophoropsis - Hygrophoropsis ) that Kremp Ling relatives ( Kremp Linge , genus Paxillus ), the dry rot relatives (genus Austropaxillus ) and the wood curling relatives (genus wood curling - Tapinella - here both centrally and eccentrically stalked to sidewalk or sessile). Porling-like fruiting bodies form the genus Bodarcevomyces within the Holzkremplingsverwandten. Merulioid fruiting bodies (with wrinkled hymenophore) are known from the wood crumb relatives (genus Pseudomerulius ), the dry rot relatives (Serpulaceae, genus house sponges , Serpula ) and the Hygrophoropsidaceae (e.g. genus Leucogyrophana ). Smooth, corticioid (similar to the cortex mushrooms , Corticiaceae) fruiting bodies occur, for example, in cellar sponge relatives (Coniophoraceae, genus of cellar sponges , Coniophora ). There are also many forms of gasteromycetoid (belly fungus-like) types of fruiting bodies - especially within the Sclerodematineae: earth star-like fruiting bodies in the genus Astraeus , bovist-like fruiting bodies e.g. B. in the potato bovists (genus Scleroderma ) or the genus Calostoma , complex chambered, stubber-like fruiting bodies in the genus of pea litter ( Pisolithus ) and truffle-like fruiting bodies, for example in the families of the Kremplingsrelatives (Paxillaceae, genera Alpovaiz , Melanogaster ), the root truffle Genus of the root truffle - Rhizopogon ) and the Truncocolumellaceae (genus Truncocolumella).

Systematics

With regard to the basic structure in the form of subordinates, the following incomplete system is largely based on the phylogeny of the Boletales presented by Hibbet and Binder in 2006. Supplements or deviations from this, as well as taxa that are not included there, are each referenced individually.

Order : Boletales

literature

  • Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th ed. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Boletus. Retrieved May 15, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Reinhard Agerer: Never change a funcitonally successful principle: the evolution of Boletales sl (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota) as seen from below-ground features . In: Sendtnera . tape 6 , 1999, p. 5–91 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Reinhard Agerer, Paraskevi Iosifidou: Rhizomorph structures of Hymenomycetes: A possibility to test DNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses? In: Reinhard Agerer, Meike Piepenbring, Paul Blanz (eds.): Frontiers in Basidiomycote Mycology . IHW-Verlag, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-57-3 , p. 279-302 .
  4. ↑ January Velíšek, Karel Cejpek: Pigments of Higher Fungi: A Review . In: Czech J. Food Sci. tape 29 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 87-102 ( agriculturejournals.cz [PDF]).
  5. ↑ a b c Christoph Hahn, Reinhard Agerer: Studies on the systematics of the Paxillaceae . In: Sendtnera - Communications of the Botanical State Collection and the Institute for Systematic Botany of the University of Munich . tape 6 , 1999, p. 115-133 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  6. ↑ a b c Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett: Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales . In: Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 , 2006, p. 971-981 .
  7. ^ Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 , no. 9 , September 2007, p. 1040-1063 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.08.001 .
  8. ^ Andreas Bresinsky, Helmut Besl: To the family connection of Omphalotus . In: Supplements to Sydowia . tape 8 , 1979, pp. 98-109 .
  9. ↑ Jadson JS Oliveira, Ruby Vargas-Isla, Tiara S. Cabral, Doriane P. Rodrigues, Noemia K. Ishikawa: Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: Gymnopus s. str., Marasmiellus s. str., Paragymnopus gen. nov. and Pusillomyces gen. nov. In: Mycological Progress . tape 18 , no. 5 , May 2019, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 713-739 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-019-01483-5 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Gang Wu, Yan-Chun Li, Xue-Tai Zhu, Kuan Zhao, Li-Hong Han: One hundred noteworthy boletes from China . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 81 , no. 1 , November 2016, ISSN  1560-2745 , p. 25-188 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-016-0375-8 .
  11. ↑ Maria Alice Neves, Manfred Binder, Roy Halling, David Hibbett, Kasem Soytong: The phylogeny of selected Phylloporus species, inferred from NUC-LSU and ITS sequences, and descriptions of new species from the Old World . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 55 , no. 1 , July 2012, ISSN  1560-2745 , p. 109-123 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-012-0154-0 .
  12. ^ A b Orson K. Miller: The Gomphidiaceae revisited: a worldwide perspective . In: Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 1 , January 2003, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 176-183 , doi : 10.1080 / 15572536.2004.11833147 .
  13. ^ Geoffrey Kibby: The Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca complex . In: Field Mycology . tape 13 , no. 2 , 2012, p. 43-50 .
  14. ↑ Patricia Jargeat, Jean-Paul Chaumeton, Olivier Navaud, Alfredo Vizzini, Hervé Gryta: The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus ss, and synthesis of species boundaries . In: Fungal Biology . tape 118 , no. 1 , January 2014, p. 12–31 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2013.10.008 .
  15. ↑ NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Belen Hurle, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Francesca Antonacci, Inna Hughes: Lineage-specific evolution of the vertebrate Otopetringene family revealed by comparative genomic analyzes . In: BMC Evolutionary Biology . tape 11 , no. 1 , December 2011, ISSN  1471-2148 , p. 23 , doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-23 , PMID 21261979 .
  16. ^ E. Parmasto, I. Parmasto: Bondarcevomyces, a new genus of polypores (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 70 , 1999, pp. 219-225 .
  17. ↑ IUCN: Bondarcevomyces taxi: Kiyashko, A. & Svetasheva, T .: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T125435401A125435685 . International Union for Conservation of Nature, March 29, 2019, p. 1-8 .
  18. ↑ Db Baldoni: Brown rotting fungus closely related to Pseudomerulius curtisii (Boletales) recorded for the first time in South America. In: Mycosphere . tape 3 , no. 5 , September 8, 2012, p. 533-541 , doi : 10.5943 / mycosphere / 3/5/1 ( mycosphere.org [PDF]).
  19. ↑ SC Watkinson, DC Eastwood: Serpula lacrymans, Wood and Buildings . In: Advances in Applied Microbiology . tape 78 . Elsevier, 2012, ISBN 978-0-12-394805-2 , pp. 121-149 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-0-12-394805-2.00005-1 .
  20. ^ Serpula himantioides. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Leucogyrophana mollusca. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Coniophora arida. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .
  23. ↑ a b Cherdchai Phosri, Roy Watling, Nuttika Suwannasai, Andrew Wilson, María P. Martín: A New Representative of Star-Shaped Fungi: Astraeus sirindhorniae sp. nov. from Thailand . In: PLoS ONE . tape 9 , no. 5 , May 7, 2014, ISSN  1932-6203 , p. 1-10 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0071160 , PMID 24806455 ( plos.org ).
  24. ↑ Eduardo R. Nouhra, Maria L. Hernández Caffot, Nicolás Pastor, Esteban M. Crespo: The species of Scleroderma from Argentina, Including a new species from the Nothofagus forest . In: Mycologia . tape 104 , no. 2 , March 2012, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 488-495 , doi : 10.3852 / 11-082 .
  25. ↑ Andrew W. Wilson, Erik A. Hobbie, David S. Hibbett: The ectomycorrhizal status of Calostoma cinnabarinum determined using isotopic, molecular, and morphological methods . In: Canadian Journal of Botany . tape 85 , no. 4 , April 2007, ISSN  0008-4026 , p. 385-393 , doi : 10.1139 / B07-026 .
  26. ↑ Katerina Rusevska, Mitko Karadelev, Cherdchai Phosri, Margarita Dueñas, M. Teresa Telleria: DNA barcoding is an effective tool for differentiating Pisolithus species from Macedonia . In: Mycotaxon . tape 130 , no. 4 , January 11, 2016, p. 1007-1016 , doi : 10.5248 / 130.1007 .
  27. ↑ a b Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Stéphane Welti, Branislav Perić, Patricia Jargeat, Sophie Manzi: Alpova komoviana (Boletales, Paxillaceae), a new sequestrate fungus from Montenegro, with a revised phylogeny of the genus in Europe . In: Mycological Progress . tape 12 , no. 1 , February 2013, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 109-119 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-012-0818-x .
  28. ↑ Maria Lacheva: New records of melanogaster species (fungi, Boletales) in Bulgaria . In: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences . tape 6 , no. 1 , 2015, ISSN  2220-6663 , p. 494-500 .
  29. ^ María Paz Martín: The Genus Rhizopogon in Europe . In: Edicions espaecials de la Societat Catalana de Micologia . tape 5 . Barcelona 1996, ISBN 84-921617-0-1 , pp. 1-173 .
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Matthew E. Smith, Kevin R. Amses, Todd F. Elliott, Keisuke Obase, M. Catherine Aime: New sequestrate fungi from Guyana: Jimtrappea guyanensis gen. Sp. nov., Castellanea pakaraimophila gen. sp. nov., and Costatisporus cyanescens gen. sp. nov. (Boletaceae, Boletales) . In: IMA Fungus . tape 6 , no. 2 , December 2015, ISSN  2210-6359 , p. 297-317 , doi : 10.5598 / imafungus. 06.02.03.2015 , PMID 26732137 ( biomedcentral.com ).
  31. ↑ a b c d e f Roy E. Halling, Nigel Fechner, Mitchell Nuhn, Todd Osmundson, Kasem Soytong: Evolutionary relationships of Heimioporus and Boletellus (Boletales), with an emphasis on Australian taxa including new species and new combinations in Aureoboletus, Hemileccinum and Xerocomus . In: Australian Systematic Botany . tape 28 , no. 1 , 2015, ISSN  1030-1887 , p. 1-22 , doi : 10.1071 / SB14049 .
  32. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r A. Farid, M. Gelardi, C. Angelini, AR Franck, F. Costanzo: Phylloporus and Phylloboletellus are no longer alone: ​​Phylloporopsis gen. Nov . (Boletaceae), a new smooth-spored lamellate genus to accommodate the American species Phylloporus boletinoides . In: Fungal Systematics and Evolution . 2018, ISSN  2589-3823 , p. 341–359 , doi : 10.3114 / fuse.2018.02.10 .
  33. ↑ a b c d Gang Wu, Kuan Zhao, Yan-Chun Li, Nian-Kai Zeng, Bang Feng: Four new genera of the fungal family Boletaceae . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 81 , no. 1 , November 2016, ISSN  1560-2745 , p. 1-24 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-015-0322-0 .
  34. ^ A b Roy E. Halling, Timothy J. Baroni, Manfred Binder: A new genus of Boletaceae from eastern North America . In: Mycologia . tape 99 , no. 2 , 2007, p. 310-316 .
  35. ↑ Kuan Zhao, Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Zhu L. Yang: Molecular phylogeny of Caloboletus (Boletaceae) and a new species in East Asia . In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , no. 4 , November 2014, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 1001 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-014-1001-3 .
  36. ↑ a b Matteo Gelardi, Claudio Angelini, Federica Costanzo, Francesco Dovana, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana: neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus . In: MycoKeys . tape 49 , March 29, 2019, ISSN  1314-4049 , p. 73-97 , doi : 10.3897 / mycokeys.49.33185 , PMID 31043853 ( pensoft.net ).
  37. ↑ Nian-Kai Zeng, Gang Wu, Yan-Chun Li, Zhi-Qun Liang, Zhu-Liang Yang: Crocinoboletus, a new genus of Boletaceae (Boletales) with unusual boletocrocin polyene pigments . In: Phytotaxa . tape 175 , no. 3 , August 8, 2014, ISSN  1179-3163 , p. 133 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.175.3.2 ( researchgate.net ).
  38. ↑ a b c
  39. ↑ Kanad Das, Dyutiparna Chakraborty, Abhishek Baghela, SK Singh, Bryn TM Dentinger: New species of xerocomoid boletes (Boletaceae) from Himalayan India based on morphological and molecular evidence . In: Mycologia . tape 108 , no. 4 , July 2016, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 753-764 , doi : 10.3852 / 15-206 .
  40. ↑ Arian Farid, Alan R. Franck, Jason Bolin, James R. Garey: Expansion of the genus Imleria in North America to include Imleria floridana, sp. nov., and Imleria pallida, comb. nov. In: Mycologia . tape 112 , no. 2 , March 3, 2020, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 423–437 , doi : 10.1080 / 00275514.2019.1685359 .
  41. ↑ Boris Assyov, Jean-Michel Bellanger, Paul Bertéa, Régis Courtecuisse, Gerhard Koller, MichaelLoizides, Guilhermina Marques, José Antonio Muñoz, Nicolò Oppicelli, Davide Puddu, Franck Richard, Pierre-Arthur Moreau: Nomenclatural novelties . In: Index Fungorum . tape 243 , May 21, 2015, ISSN  2049-2375 , p. 1 ( indexfungorum.org [PDF]).
  42. ↑ Manfred Binder, Andreas Bresinsky: Retiboletus, a new genus for a species-complex in the Boletaceae producing retipolides . In: Fedde's repertory . tape 113 , no. 1–2 , 2002, pp. 30-40 .
  43. ↑ Manfred Binder, Andreas Bresinsky: Derivation of a polymorphic lineage of Gasteromycetes from boletoid ancestors . In: Mycologia . tape 94 , no. 1 , January 2002, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 85-98 , doi : 10.1080 / 15572536.2003.11833251 .
  44. ↑ Timothy J. Baroni, Joaquin Cifuentes, Beatriz Ortiz Santana, Silvia Cappello: A new species of Phlebopus (Boletales, Basidiomycota) from Mexico . In: North American Fungi . tape 10 , no. 7 , November 2, 2015, p. 1–13 ( fed.us [PDF]).
  45. ↑ Altielys Casale Magnago, Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Maria Alice Neves, Rosa Mara Borges da Silveira: A new species of Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) from Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil . In: Nova Hedwigia . tape 107 , no. 3 , November 1, 2018, ISSN  0029-5035 , p. 291–301 , doi : 10.1127 / nova_hedwigia / 2018/0471 .
  46. ↑ Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira, Andrew W. Wilson, Rosa Mara B. da Silveira, Laura S. Domínguez: Costa Rican gasteromycetes (Basidiomycota, Fungi): Calostomataceae, Phallaceae and Protophallaceae . In: Nova Hedwigia . tape 96 , no. 3 , May 1, 2013, p. 533-544 , doi : 10.1127 / 0029-5035 / 2013/0090 ( semanticscholar.org [PDF]).
  47. ↑ Alexandro de Andrade de Lima: Fungos Gasteroides (Basidiomycota) na Area de Preservação Ambiental Piquiri-Una e no Parque Estadual Mata da Pipa, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil . Ed .: Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Norte - Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução. Rio Grande do Nord 2018, p. 1–132 ( ufrn.br [PDF]).
  48. ↑ Keegan H. Kennedy, James F. Maxwell, Saisamorn Lumyong: Fire and the production of Astraeus odoratus (Basidiomycetes) sporocarps in deciduous dipterocarp-oak forests of northern Thailand . In: Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology . tape 6 , no. 3 , 2012, ISSN  1905-7873 , p. 483-504 .
  49. ^ A b Andrew W. Wilson, Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett: Effects of Gasteroid Fruiting Body Morphology on Diversification Rates in three Independent Clades of Fungi Estimated Using Binary State Speciation and Extinction Analysis: Effects of Fungal Morphology on Diversification Rates . In: evolution . tape 65 , no. 5 , May 2011, p. 1305-1322 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1558-5646.2010.01214.x .
  50. ^ Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 , no. 9 , September 2007, p. 1040-1063 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.08.001 .

Web links

Commons : Boletales  - collection of images, videos and audio files