Agaricomycetes

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Agaricomycetes
Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Fly agaric ( Amanita muscaria )

Systematics
without rank: Nucletmycea
Empire : Mushrooms (fungi)
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Scientific name
Agaricomycetes
Doweld

The Agaricomycetes are a class of the division of the stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota). With about 98% of the species described, they form the largest class within the mushroom mushrooms. Due to the often conspicuous fruiting bodies they develop , they are among the best-known mushrooms .

Features and ecology

The Agaricomycetes are typical mushrooms in terms of life cycle , which grow as filament- shaped , hyphal mycelium , mostly without yeast phases in the soil. The hyphae are divided by septa , which have a barrel-shaped doliporus , which is surrounded by membrane-bound parenthesomes . A dikaryotic mycelium is the predominant form, but some species also have stable diploid mycelia. Asexual spores are only produced by a few species.

The fruit bodies formed above ground range from millimeter-sized, cup-shaped forms to the typical mushroom mushrooms to the fruit body of Rigidoporus ulmarius, which can weigh over 300 kg . The two to eight, usually four, basidiospores formed in the fruiting body are usually formed in undivided basidia (homobasidia).

Few species , including those cultivated by leaf cutter ants , grow as unicellular yeasts.

Most species are saprobionts , some species also occur as parasites or symbionts , e.g. B. as ectomycorrhiza .

Systematics

The Agaricomycetes are distinguished from other classes primarily by molecular biological characteristics such as rRNA sequence and protein analyzes. The group is monophyletic . Hibbett and authors (2007) organize the class as follows:

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ David S. Hibbett, Manfred Binder, Joseph F. Bischoff, Meredith Blackwell, Paul F. Cannon, Ove E. Eriksson, Sabine Huhndorf, Timothy James, Paul M. Kirk, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, François Lutzoni, P Brandon Matheny, David J. McLaughlin, Martha J. Powell, Scott Redhead, Conrad L. Schoch, Joseph W. Spatafora, Joost A. Stalpers, Rytas Vilgalys, M. Catherine Aime, André Aptroot, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Gerald L. Benny, Lisa A. Castlebury, Pedro W. Crous, Yu-Cheng Dai, Walter Gams, David M. Geiser, Gareth W. Griffith, Cécile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Geir Hestmark, Kentaro Hosaka, Richard A. Humber , Kevin D. Hyde, Joseph E. Ironside, Urmas Kõljalg, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Robert Lichtwardt, Joyce Longcore, Jolanta Miądlikowsk, Andrew Miller, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Sharon Mozley-Standridge, Franz Oberwinkler, Erast Parmasto, Valérie Reeb, Jack D. Rogers, Claude Roux, Leif Ryvarden, José Paulo Sampaio, Arthur Schüßler, Junta Sugiyama, R. Greg Thorn, Leif Tibell, Wendy A. Untereiner, Christopher Walker, Zheng Wang, Alex Weir, Michael Weiß, Merlin M. White, Katarina Wink, Yi-Jian Yao, Ning Zhang: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 (5) . British Mycological Society, 2007, p. 509-547 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 ( PDF; 1.01 MB ( memento of November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on July 31, 2012]). A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ddr.nal.usda.gov

Web links

Commons : Agaricomycetes  - collection of images, videos and audio files