Phallomycetidae
| Phallomycetidae | ||||||||||||
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Common stinkhorn ( Phallus impudicus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phallomycetidae | ||||||||||||
| K. Hosaka , Castellano & Spatafora |
The Phallomycetidae is a subclass of the Agaricomycetes and includes very different forms such as the stinkhorn , pig's ears or the earth stars .
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting bodies can be buried in a truffle-like manner or formed above ground. They grow singly or in clusters and have very different forms: They grow resupinat , sekotioid , effuso-reflex , hat-shaped, wound, funnel-shaped, korallenformig, keulig, star-shaped, or with a single or branched Rezeptakulum consisting of a Hexenei springs. Often conspicuous rhizomorphs are formed at the base of the fruiting bodies, which can sometimes form dense hyphae mats . The fruit layer (hymenium) sometimes turns blue from iron sulfate . The gleba of the gasteroid species can be slimy, gristly or powdery when ripe with a gray to green, olive, (cinnamon) brown or black color.
Microscopic features
The spores are formed either on a layer of fruit or within the gleba; they are sometimes actively thrown out (ballistospor). They can be spherical, elliptical, oblong, cylindrical, spindle-shaped, smooth warty, prickly shaped. They are hyaline to brown and often also cyanophilic .
ecology
Due to the diverse forms, the ecological way of life is also very diverse. Many species live saprobically in various ecosystems, but ectomycorrhiza are also known.
Systematics
The subclass corresponds to that of Kirk et al. described Phallales in the "Dictionary of the fungi" or "gomphoid-phalloid" clade at Hibbett and Thorn (2001). Locquin (1984) already used the name Phallomycetidae, but without a Latin diagnosis, so it was only validly described in 2006 by K. Hosaka, Castellano & Spatafora. The subclass consists of four orders, the type order are the stinkhorn-like :
- Order earth star-like - Geastrales
- Order Pig -eared - Gomphales
- Order tail truffle - Hysterangiales
- Order stinkhorn -phallales
literature
Kentaro Hosaka, Scott T. Bates, Ross E. Beever, Michael A. Castellano, Wesley Colgan III, Laura S. Domínguez, Eduardo R. Nouhra, József Geml, Admir J. Giachini, S. Ray Kenney, Nicholas B. Simpson, Joseph W. Spatafora, James M. Trappe: Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 . Lawrence (USA) 2006, p. 949-959 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.949 ( online PDF 3.47 MB).
