Agaricomycotina

Agaricomycotina
Fly agaric ( Amanita muscaria ) in different growth stages
Systematics
without rank: Opisthokonta without rank: Nucletmycea Empire : Mushrooms (fungi) Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota) Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Scientific name
Agaricomycotina
R. Bauer , Begerow , JP Samp. , M. Weiss & Oberw.

Agaricomycotina is a subdivision of the stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota). The types of fungi it contains form a network of fungi, the mycelium , which grows underground , and develop aboveground and subterranean fruiting bodies at certain times - specimens above the ground usually consist of a hat and a stem . The spores are produced in the fruit layer on the underside of the hat . Agaricomycotina includes most of the edible mushrooms that are collected for consumption.

features

Agaricomycotina species form their spores at the end of uprights ( basidia ) and not, as in lower fungi in sporangia or filamentous fungi (Ascomycota) in tubular asci . These stands in turn sit in the fruit layer, the hymenium , which covers the anatomically differently structured underside of the hat ( hymenophore ) in mushrooms . In the basidium protuberances ( sterigmata ), the end result of a meiosis is usually 4 basidiospores per column - the latter are used for reproduction.

The fungal thread germinating from a spore, the hypha , is initially haploid and monokaryotic , i.e. the cells it contains only have a single set of chromosomes and only one nucleus . This monokaryotic hypha soon grows together with a second monokaryotic hypha, whereby the mycelium becomes dikaryotic after the fusion (plasmogamy). After the fusion of both hyphae, however, fruit formation does not yet occur. Instead, the dikaryotic mycelium grows on a substrate or in the ground and penetrates it or spreads over a wide area underground. The fungus often fructifies only after a few years and only at a certain time of the year.

A distinction between some upright and tubular mushrooms (Ascomycota) is sometimes difficult for laypeople.

Systematics

The subdivision Agaricomycotina is one of the three groups of mushrooms . Hibbett and authors (2007) structure them as follows:

• Class Tremellomycetes
  • Order Cystofilobasidiales
  • Order Filobasidiales
  • Order tremulous - tremellales
• Class Dacrymycetes
  • Order gelatinous - Dacrymycetales
• Class Agaricomycetes
  • Subclass Agaricomycetidae
    • Order mushroom-like - Agaricales
    • Order skin-like - Atheliales
    • Order of thick tubule-like - Boletales
  • Subclass Phallomycetidae
    • Order earth star-like - Geastrales
    • Order Pig -eared - Gomphales
    • Order tail truffle - Hysterangiales
    • Order stinkhorn -phallales
  • not assigned to any subclass - incertae sedis
    • Order ear lobe fungus - Auriculariales
    • Order chanterelles - Cantharellales
    • Order royal bark mushroom - Corticiales
    • Order leafless - Gloeophyllales
    • Order bristle disk-like - Hymenochaetales
    • Order Stielporlingsigene - Polyporales
    • Order deaf - Russulales
    • Order wax crusty - Sebacinales
    • Order Mushroom - Thelephorales
    • Order Stachelsporrindenpilzverbindungen - Trechisporales

swell

literature

• Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th ed. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
• Meinhard Moser: Mushrooms - The boletus and leaf mushrooms . In: Small cryptogam flora . 5th edition. 2, part b. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1993, ISBN 978-3-8274-0898-3 (533 pages).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ David S. Hibbett, Manfred Binder, Joseph F. Bischoff, Meredith Blackwell, Paul F. Cannon, Ove E. Eriksson, Sabine Huhndorf, Timothy James, Paul M. Kirk, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, François Lutzoni, P Brandon Matheny, David J. McLaughlin, Martha J. Powell, Scott Redhead, Conrad L. Schoch, Joseph W. Spatafora, Joost A. Stalpers, Rytas Vilgalys, M. Catherine Aime, André Aptroot, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Gerald L. Benny, Lisa A. Castlebury, Pedro W. Crous, Yu-Cheng Dai, Walter Gams, David M. Geiser, Gareth W. Griffith, Cécile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Geir Hestmark, Kentaro Hosaka, Richard A. Humber , Kevin D. Hyde, Joseph E. Ironside, Urmas Kõljalg, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Robert Lichtwardt, Joyce Longcore, Jolanta Miądlikowsk, Andrew Miller, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Sharon Mozley-Standridge, Franz Oberwinkler, Erast Parmasto, Valérie Reeb, Jack D. Rogers, Claude Roux, Leif Ryvarden, José Paulo Sampaio, Arthur Schüßler, Junta Sugiyama, R. Greg Thorn, Leif Tibell, Wendy A. Untereiner, Christopher Walker, Zheng Wang, Alex Weir, Michael Weiss, Merlin M. White, Katarina Wink, Yi-Jian Yao, Ning Zhang: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 (5) . British Mycological Society, 2007, p. 509-547 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 .

Web links

Commons : Agaricomycotina  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• David S. Hibbett: Agaricomycotina. In: Tree of Life Project . April 20, 2007, accessed July 27, 2012 .