Pea sprinkles
| Pea sprinkles | ||||||||||||
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Common pea litter ( Pisolithus arhizus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pisolithus | ||||||||||||
| Alb. & Pig. |
The pea litters ( Pisolithus ) are a genus of fungi from the Hartbovist family (Sclerodermataceae). They belong despite their outward form in the order of Dickröhrlingsartigen (Boletales). The type species is Pisolithus arenariu s.
features
The pea sprinkles form (epigeic), irregular, club-shaped, belly - mushroom - like fruiting bodies sitting on the surface of the earth , which are elongated at the base like stems and end in strong rhizomorphs. The peridia is coarse, brown and smooth, as the fruiting bodies ripen it becomes brittle and eventually disintegrates irregularly. The gleba only fills the upper part of the fruiting body, the parts of the gleba containing the basidia are separated from one another by sterile veins and later form pea-shaped bodies, the pseudoperidia, which finally disintegrate in powder form.
Way of life
The species of the genus pea streulinge live as ecto mycorrhizal partners in root symbiosis with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
species
The genus was previously considered monotypical, but today at least 14 species are recognized, 5 of them in Europe , one of them ( Pisolithus albus agg.) Belongs to a species aggregate that has not yet been finally clarified, which is originally native to Australia, but due to eucalyptus plantings was abducted to Asia ( China , Thailand ), Africa ( Morocco , Senegal ), North America ( USA ) and Europe ( Spain ). With Pisolithus microcarpus , another species associated with Eucalyptus was introduced to Morocco and is therefore also to be expected in Europe. The determination is only possible to a limited extent with classical methods, but the barcoding region ITS is very well suited here to differentiate between species on the basis of the DNA sequences .
| Pea sprinkles ( Pisolithus ) in Europe | ||
|---|---|---|
| German name | Scientific name | Author quote |
| Pisolithus albus agg. | (Cooke & Massee 1891) Priest 2018 | |
| Common pea sprinkler | Pisolithus arhizus | (Scopoli 1786) Rauschert 1959 |
| Rockrose pea sprinkler | Pisolithus calongei | MP Martín, Phosri & Watling 2013 |
| Pisolithus capsulifer | (Sowerby 1814) Watling, Phosri & MP Martín 2012 | |
| Pisolithus tinctorius | (Persoon 1801) Coker & Couch 1928 | |
distribution
The genus is distributed almost worldwide and occurs from the tropics to the temperate and boreal areas.
meaning
The common pea sprinkle (also called Bohemian truffle ) is a popular spice mushroom.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- A. Bollmann, A. Gminder, P. Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms. 4th edition. Genre CD. Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, Hornberg 2007, ISSN 0932-920X
- A. Bresinski, H. Dörfelt : Distribution and ecology of selected Macromycetes in Germany. (2). In: Journal of Mycology. Volume 74, No. 1, March 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Katerina Rusevska, Mitko Karadelev, Cherdchai Phosri, Margarita Dueñas, M. Teresa Telleria, Roy Watling, María P. Martín: DNA barcoding is an effective tool for differentiating Pisolithus species from Macedonia . In: Mycotaxon . tape 130 , 2015, p. 1007-1016 , doi : 10.5248 / 130.1007 .
- ↑ María P. Martín, Fátima Durán, Cherdchai Phosri, Roy Watling: A new species of Pisolithus from Spain . In: Mycotaxon . tape 124 , 2013, p. 149-154 , doi : 10.5248 / 124.149 .
