Hemileccinum
| Hemileccinum | ||||||||||||
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Pale-capped boletus ( Hemileccinum impolitum ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hemileccinum | ||||||||||||
| Šutara |
Hemileccinum is a fungal genus from the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletaceae). Until a few years ago, the species of the genus were part of the Filzröhrlinge ( Xerocomus ) or Dickröhrlinge ( Boletus ), but were placed in a new genus mainly due to new relatives.
The type species is the pale or pale-capped boletus ( Hemileccinum impolitum ).
features
The medium to relatively large fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a stem . The general appearance is partly reminiscent of some Leccinum species from the Luteoscabra section , such as B. the yellow- pored grouse - Leccinum crocipodium , and partly to some representatives of the thick tubers .
cap
The top hat layer (HDS) is made up of two quite different variants of a Trichoderm . The trichoderm of the pale bolete ( H. impolitum ) consists of cylindrical, thread-like hyphae and only a small number of end cells is somewhat enlarged at the very tip. In the late stages, the trichodermal hyphae more or less collapse. In the spotted boletus ( H. depilatum ), the HDS undergoes a noticeable change during development. In the initial stage it consists of two layers: the upper layer is a trichoderm of loosely linked, threadlike hyphae, and the lower layer contains hyphae that are more saddle-shaped and much more densely arranged. At this stage the surface of the hat looks finely felted. However, it soon becomes bald as the thready hyphae of the trichodermally built-up upper layer are washed away and disappear completely. After all, the top of the hat only consists of the layer that previously formed the lower layer. The hyphae of this layer gradually widen more or less inflated, so that the HDS finally often looks like a subepithelium with predominantly elliptical to subglobose cells. The macrochemical color reaction of the hat surface with ammonia vapors is purple.
Tubes
The tubes are bulged around the tip of the stem, sometimes almost free and reach a length of up to 20 (–30) mm with age. They have a light yellow to deep yellow when young and later an olive-yellow color. The same-colored pores or tube mouths are round and tiny with age - the diameter is approximately between 0.5 and 1 mm. The tubes and pores remain unchanged under pressure. The fully developed tubular trama of younger fruiting bodies has a thick tubular structure. In contrast to this, the outer layers are gelatinous and consist of clearly separated hyphae. Congo red specimens show a striking color contrast between the layers of the trama: the inner layer is stained deep red, while the outer layers with the hyphae, which are embedded in a hyaline and gelatinous substance, remain quite pale. Scattered come in the fruit layer-spindle to bottle-shaped, smooth and thin pleuro Zystiden ago. The thick tubule-like shaped spores are almost spindle-shaped or spindle-elliptical and show a more or less clear suprahilal dent in profile in front view. The spore surface is smooth. The spore powder print is olive-brown in color.
stalk
Stem relatively fleshy, almost cylindrical, elongated club-shaped or elongated almost spindle-shaped, covered with a rough ornamentation similar to that of the Raustielröhrlingen with the only difference that the scales of the Hemileccinum species are less noticeable because they are constantly brightly colored or only slightly dark in color . With increasing age, the scaly stalks occasionally collapse, so that in some old fruiting bodies the stem surface appears to be almost bare. Except for the base of the stem, the stem surface is made up of the following layers: a caulohymenium with isolated, spore-producing caulobasidia, a caulosubhymenium (which, however, is often indistinct) and an outer, tubular stem-like bark. The stalk bark is not gelatinous, predominantly saddle-shaped; as the stalk grows, it soon breaks up into characteristic hyphae tufts that merge into the elements of the caulohymenium, in well-developed scales up to 400 (-640) micrometers thick. The stem meat consists of dense and longitudinally arranged hyphae. The surface of the base of the stem is sterile and covered with a mycelial felt made of tangled, filamentous hyphae. The basal mycelium is whitish or yellowish, in some cases also ocher or brownish in color. There is neither a partial velum nor a grooving on the handle .
flesh
The flesh has a yellow, pale yellow or whitish color, sometimes shows brown or brown-red spots in the base of the stem and remains unchanged in the cut. It tastes mild and usually smells unpleasant, in the lower stem area partly reminiscent of iodoform . The hyphae system is monomitic. No buckle connections could be detected in the fruit bodies .
Generic delimitation
Decisive features for differentiating the Hemileccinum species from the felt boletus and red foot boletus according to Šutara:
Differentiation from the Rotfußröhrlingen
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Hemileccinum |
Red-footed boletus Xerocomellus |
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| Fruiting bodies | bigger and meatier; general appearance in the middle between thick and Raufussröhrlingen | smaller and slimmer than in the Hemileccinum species; general appearance red-footed tubelet-like |
| Stem surface | scaly, with light but clear scales | very finely granulated |
| Stem bark | tubule-like type, up to 400 (–640) µm thick, breaking up into characteristic hyphae tufts | absent or greatly reduced, mostly 30 (–40) µm thick |
| Hat top layer | a trichoderm in the initial stage; later the trichodermal hyphae partially collapse or the structure changes completely to a subepithelium. | initially a palisadoderm |
| Pores | smaller than 1 mm, rounded | fully developed relatively large, approx. 1–2.5 mm, angular |
| Tubes | fully grown up to 20 (–30) mm long, somewhat bulged around the stem, sometimes almost free, not sloping down | no more than 10 (–14) mm long, almost attached or slightly bulged around the stalk, with one tooth falling short |
| Tube trama | thick tubule-like | Structure between thick tubule and leaf tubule type |
Differentiation from the felt tubers
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Hemileccinum |
Felt tubers Xerocomus |
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| Spore surface | smooth | rod-shaped |
| Tube trama | in the fully developed stage, thick tubule-like. The outer layer is gelatinous and consists of loosely interwoven, clearly separated hyphae. In Congo red preparations, the inner layer appears deep red, while the outer layer remains very light in color. | leaf tubelike. The outer layer is not gelatinous. The densely arranged hyphae almost or completely touch each other. In Congo red preparations, the inner layer is the same or almost the same color as the outer layer. |
| Stem surface | scaly | not scaly |
| Stem bark | tubule-like type, up to 400 (–640) µm thick, breaking up into characteristic hyphae tufts | not ruffle-like, at most 80 (–200) µm thick, not breaking up into hyphae tufts |
| Fruiting bodies | Appearance in the middle between thick and Raufussröhrlingen | Appearance like a felt tube |
| Pores | round and tiny, no larger than 1 mm | fully grown angular and relatively large, approx. 1–3 mm |
| Tubes | fully grown up to 20 (–30) mm long, bulged around the tip of the stem, often almost free, not descending | no more than 15 mm long, almost grown or slightly bulged around the stem and sloping down with a tooth |
ecology
The species of the genus Hemileccinum form ectomycorrhiza with deciduous trees, especially beeches and oaks , followed at a distance by hornbeams and linden trees .
species
There are three taxa worldwide, two of which are found in Europe:
| German vernacular name |
Scientific name |
Author citation ( standard form of name abbreviations for authors according to IPNI ) |
|---|---|---|
| Spotted bolete |
Hemileccinum depilatum Basionym: Boletus depilatus Synonym: Boletus xanthoporus var. Sanguineomaculatus Synonym: Boletus obsonium var. Sanguineomaculatus Synonym: Leccinum depilatum Synonym: Boletus depilatus f. depilatus Synonym: Boletus depilatus f. sanguineomaculatus Synonym: Xerocomus depilatus Synonym: Hemileccinum depilatum f. depilatum Synonym: Hemileccinum depilatum f. sanguineomaculatum |
(
Redeuilh ) Šutara 2008 Redeuilh 1986 [1985] Krombh. 1846 ( Krombh. ) J. Blum 1970 ( Redeuilh ) Šutara 1989 ( Krombh. ) Klofac & Krisai 1992 ( Redeuilh ) Manfr. Binder & Besl 2000 ( Krombh. ) Klofac & Krisai 2016 |
| Pale or pale-capped bolete |
Hemileccinum impolitum Basionym: Boletus impolitus Synonym: Boletus suspectus Synonym: Tubiporus impolitus Synonym: Versipellis fragrans var. Impolita Synonym: Versipellis impolita Synonym: Xerocomus impolitus Synonym: Leccinum impolitum |
( Fr. ) Šutara 2008 Fr. 1838 [1836-1838] Krombh. 1836 ( Fr. ) P. Karst. 1882 ( Fr. ) Quél. 1886 ( Fr. ) Quél. 1886 ( Fr. ) Quél. 1888 ( Fr. ) Bertault 1980 |
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Hemileccinum subglabripes Basionym: Boletus subglabripes synonym in the form of a younger homonym : Boletus flavipes Synonym: Boletus subglabripes . Var subglabripes Synonym: Suillus subglabripes Synonym: Ceriomyces subglabripes Synonym: Krombholzia subscabripes Synonym: Krombholzia subglabripes Synonym: Leccinum subglabripes Synonym: Leccinum subglabripes var. Subglabripes Synonym: Pulveroboletus flavipes |
( Peck ) Halling 2015 Peck 1889 Peck 1887 [1886], non Berk. 1854 ( Peck ) Kuntze 1898 ( Peck ) Murrill 1909 ( Peck ) Singer 1938 ( Peck ) Singer 1942 ( Peck ) Singer 1945 E. Horak 1980 |
swell
literature
- Heidi Ladurner, Giampaolo Simonini: Xerocomus s. l. In: Fungi Europaei . tape 8 . Edizioni Candusso, Alassio (Italy) 2003, ISBN 978-88-901057-2-2 (527 pages).
- Thomas Rödig: The European species of the genera Xerocomus s. st. and Xerocomellus according to the genus concept of Šutara 2008 as well as demarcation from related European genera and species. (PDF; 215 kB) December 2011, accessed on February 19, 2012 (21 pages).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett: Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales . In: Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 . Mycological Society of America, 2006, pp. 971–981 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.971 ( PDF; 2.49 MB ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Josef Šutara: Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge . In: Czech Mycology . tape 60 , no. 1 . Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, 2008, p. 29–62 (English, full text in web.natur.cuni.cz [PDF; 860 kB ; accessed on August 4, 2017]). Full text in web.natur.cuni.cz ( memento of the original from July 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Mushroom mapping 2000 online. Distribution maps for mushroom species in Germany. German Society for Mycology (DGfM), accessed on July 14, 2012 .
- ^ Roy E. Halling, Nigel Fechner, Mitchell Nuhn, Todd Osmundson, Kasem Soytong, David Arora, Manfred Binder, David Hibbett: Evolutionary relationships of Heimioporus and Boletellus (Boletales), with an emphasis on Australian taxa including new species and new combinations in Aureoboletus, Hemileccinum and Xerocomus . In: Australian Systematic Botany . tape 28 , no. 1 , September 10, 2015, p. 1-22 , doi : 10.1071 / SB14049 .
Web links
Wikispecies: Hemileccinum Šutara - species directory- Hemileccinum Šutara, Czech Mycol. 60 (1): 52 (2008) . In: www. indexfungorum .org . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (represented by the Mycology Section), Landcare Research-NZ , (represented by the Mycology Group) and Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science , accessed and received on July 26, 2017 (English; Hemileccinum impolitum ( Fr . ) Šutara , Hemileccinum depilatum ( Redeuilh ) Šutara , Hemileccinum subglabripes ( Peck ) Halling ).
- Hemileccinum Šutara, Czech Mycol. 60 (1): 52 (2008) . In: www.speciesfungorum.org . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , based on the www. indexfungorum .org from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (represented by the Mycology Section), Landcare Research-NZ , (represented by the Mycology Group) and Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science , accessed and received on July 25, 2017 (English; Hemileccinum impolitum ( Fr. ) Šutara , Hemileccinum depilatum ( Redeuilh ) Šutara , Hemileccinum subglabripes ( Peck ) Halling ).
- Distribution of Boletus impolitus Fr. 1838 and Boletus depilatus Redeuilh 1986 . In: www.pilze-deutschland.de . German Society for Mycology eV, accessed and received on August 1, 2017.
- Boris Assyov: Boletus impolitus Fr. and Boletus depilatus Redeuilh . In: boletales.com . Boris Assyov, accessed and received on July 14, 2012.
- Pale bolete - Boletus impolitus (syn. Hemileccinum impolitum) and pale-capped bolete, spotted bolete, bald bolete, marbled bolete, hammered bolete, hammered boletus - Hemileccinum depilatum (syn. Boletus depilatus, Xerocomus) . In: www.123pilze.de . Wolfgang Bachmeier, called up and received on August 1, 2017.
- Boletus depilatus . In: www.pilzepilze.de . Georg Müller, accessed and received on August 2, 2017.
