Leccinum
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Deciduous red cap ( Leccinum aurantiacum ) |
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| Leccinum | ||||||||||||
| Gray |
Leccinum is a genus of fungi from the family of the Boletaceae relatives . The species of the genera Leccinum and Leccinellum are also known as "Rauffuß", short for "Raufußröhrlinge", or "Raustielröhrlinge" due to the scaly / rough stem surface in the German-speaking area.
The type species is the deciduous forest or oak red cap ( Leccinum aurantiacum ).
features
Macroscopic features
Leccinum species are medium to large thick tubelet relatives, usually remaining long hemispherical and with a rough or flaky stem. The hats are mainly orange to orange-brown or gray to gray-brown, often with a fine felt surface. Whitish hat colors are also possible. The tubes are at least slightly, usually deeply bulged to ascending or almost free. Young specimens sometimes have slightly bulbous stems, later on relatively long, cylindrical to slightly clubbed shapes predominate. The smell is inconspicuous, sometimes faintly mushroom, the taste mild, at most slightly sour. When cut or broken, the trama of many species shows red, pink, blue, green or black discoloration. The spore powder is yellow-olive to brownish in color.
Microscopic features
The spores are elongated, spindle-shaped and smooth.
ecology
The Raufussröhrlinge from the genus Leccinum are mycorrhizal fungi , some of which are closely related to certain tree species. The species are distributed holarctic , only a few species are known from the tropics.
species
The following species are known or expected for Europe:
| Raufussröhrlinge ( Leccinum ) in Europe |
Deciduous Red
Cap, Leccinum aurantiacum
Wollstieliger Raufuß
Leccinum cyaneobasileucum
Poplar Raufuss
Leccinum duriusculum
Bog birch mushroom
Leccinum holopus
White-stemmed red cap
Leccinum leucopodium
Spruce Red
Cap Leccinum piceinum
Common birch mushroom
Leccinum scabrum
Much discolouring birch mushroom
Leccinum variicolor
Birch red cap
Leccinum versipelle
Coniferous Red
Cap Leccinum vulpinum
Systematics
The exact number of species in the genus is controversial, as the delimitation of the species is sometimes difficult. Worldwide the genus comprises about 50 species, of which about 20 occur in Central Europe. A distinction is made between the groups of red cap and birch mushrooms, although the characteristics for allocation do not always apply to all species of the respective group. The red caps usually show a dark gray, black-violet or black discoloration of the flesh when injured, although there may be a pink or salmon-colored intermediate discoloration. The red cap's hat skin usually hangs a few mm above the brim. Species in this group are associated with different tree species. The fruiting bodies of the red caps are usually strong, robust, thicker and stalked than the birch mushrooms. The group of birch mushrooms usually includes white to brown-capped species, the skin of which does not extend beyond the edge of the hat. The trama does not discolour dark after cutting, but is unchangeable or only discolored pink or reddish. The species in this group are mostly associated with birch species . The species group with yellow pigment was separated into the genus Leccinellum .
meaning
All Leccinum species are edible, but for the most part they are rare or of no particular value. Some species are valued edible mushrooms. All species of the genus are under nature protection in Germany and may only be collected in small quantities for personal consumption.
swell
literature
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 (Aphyllophorales, Heterobasidiomycetes, Gastromycetes; 626 pages, 175 illustrations on 15 plates).
- Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. FSVO. Munich 2006. ISBN 978-3-8354-0053-5 .
- Henk C. Den Bakker & Machiel E. Noordeloos (2005): A Revision of European Species of Leccinum, Persoonia Vol. 18 Part 4, 511-587
Individual evidence
- ^ Jean Baptiste François Bulliard : Boletus aurantiacus . In: Herbier de la France . tape 5 , 1785, p. 192-240 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Leccinum. In: Mushroom Taxa Database on Fungiworld.com. January 15, 2008, accessed February 17, 2012 .
