Caloboletus

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Caloboletus
Caloboletus calopus

Caloboletus calopus ( caloboletus calopus )

Systematics
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Boletales (Boletales)
Subordination : Boletineae
Family : Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
Pulveroboletus group
Genre : Caloboletus
Scientific name
Caloboletus
Vizzini

Caloboletus is a fungal genus of the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletaceae). Characteristic is the combination of features of a yellow tube layer, olive-brown spore powder, smooth-walled spores, a hat cover layer made of interwoven mushroom threads and a bluish and clearly bitter-tasting meat.

The type species is the Schönfuß-Röhrling ( Caloboletus calopus ).

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is usually pale, whitish to smoky gray or clay to buff colored. Ocher / olive tones are common, but rarely red. Gradually the hat is getting darker. He doesn't blue when injured. Except for Caloboletus firmus with its orange to red pores (tube mouths), the tubes and pores initially have a lemon to sulfur yellow, later an olive color and blue when printed. The central stem is pale yellow to yellow, with or without tones of red, and usually reticulated. The network is sometimes reduced or even absent. The whitish to pale lemon yellow flesh ( trama ) sometimes shows red tones in the base of the stem and turns blue in the cut. Because of the cyclocalopine contained in the fruiting bodies, it tastes bitter and weaker with age.

Microscopic features

The hat cover layer ( pileipellis ) consists of interwoven thread hyphae . The smooth, slightly thick-walled spores are typically tubular, almost spindle-shaped, elliptical to somewhat elongated. In potassium hydroxide they appear almost hyaline and in Melzer's reagent they appear yellowish-brown. The hymenophoral trama is different bilateral and corresponds to the boletus subtype. Buckle connections on the partitions ( septa ) of the fungal threads are missing. The sterile elements on the tube surface ( pleurocystids ) and the tube mouths ( cheilocystids ) are bottle-shaped and thin-walled.

ecology

Caloboletus species form ectomycorrhiza with various deciduous and coniferous trees from the families of the beech family (Fagaceae) and pine family (Pinaceae).

distribution

The representatives of the genus are mainly found in subtropical and temperate regions of the Holarctic .

species

The genus Caloboletus comprises 12 species worldwide, 4 of which occur or are expected in Europe.

Caloboletus worldwide
German name Scientific name Author quote
Schönfuß-Röhrling Caloboletus calopus (Persoon 1801) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus conifericola Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus firmus (Frost 1874) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus frustosus (Snell & EA Dick 1941) D. Arora & JL Frank 2014
Caloboletus inedulis (Murrill 1938) Vizzini 2014
Reddening bitter boletus Caloboletus kluzakii (Šutara & Špinar 2006) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus marshii D. Arora, CF Schwarz & JL Frank 2014
Caloboletus panniformis (Taneyama & Har. Takah. 2013) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus peckii (Frost 1878) Vizzini 2014
Fielded Schönfuß-Röhrling Caloboletus polygonius (AE Hills & Vassiliades 1999) Vizzini 2014
Rooting bitter boletus Caloboletus radicans (Persoon 1801: Frieze 1821) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus roseipes (Bessette, Both & AR Bessette 2000) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus rubripes (Thiers 1965) Vizzini 2014
Caloboletus yunnanensis Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang 2014

Systematics

The genus corresponds quite well to the section Calopodes from the genus of boletus in the view of Lannoy & Estadès. According to the phylogenetic studies by Binder & Hibbett 2006, Gelardi et al. 2013, Nuhn et al. 2013 and Wu et al. In 2014, the species in the Calopodes section form a new genus in the Boletaceae family.

Origin of name

The genus name Caloboletus is derived from the Greek word calos "beautiful, nice" and refers to the beautiful red hues of the stem, as found in many species of the genus.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Kuan Zhao, Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Zhu L. Yang: Molecular phylogeny of Caloboletus (Boletaceae) and a new species in East Asia . In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , no. 4 , 2014, p. 1127-1136 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-014-1001-3 .
  2. ↑ Veronika Hellwig, Johannes Dasenbrock, Claudia Gräf, Lydia Kahner, Susanne Schumann, Wolfgang Steglich: Calopins and Cyclocalopins - Bitter Principles from Boletus calopus and Related Mushrooms . In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry . tape 2002 , no. 17 , p. 2895-2904 , doi : 10.1002 / 1099-0690 (200209) 2002: 17 <2895 :: AID-EJOC2895> 3.0.CO; 2-S .
  3. ↑ a b c d Alfredo Vizzini: Index Fungorum no.146. May 10, 2014, accessed on January 21, 2014 .
  4. ↑ Jonathan L. Frank: Index Fungorum No. 194. October 24, 2014, accessed January 21, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Boletus . In: fungiworld.com. Retrieved January 21, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Manfred Binder, David S. Hibbett: Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales . In: Mycologia . tape 98 (6) . Mycological Society of America, 2006, pp. 971–981 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.971 ( PDF; 2.49 MB ).
  7. ↑ Matteo Gelardi, et al .: Boletus sinopulverulentus, a new species from Shaanxi Province (central China) and notes on Boletus and Xerocomus . In: Sydowia . tape 65 , no. 1 , 2013.
  8. ^ Mitchell E. Nuhn, Manfred Binder, Andy FS Taylor, Roy E. Halling, David S. Hibbett: Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae . In: Fungal Biology . tape 117 , no. 7–8 , 2013, pp. 479–511 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2013.04.008 ( PDF; 2.20 MB ).
  9. ↑ Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Jianping Xu, Xue-Tai Zhu, Yan-Chun Li, Nian-Kai Zeng, Md. Iqbal Hosen, Zhu L. Yang: Molecular phylogenetic analyzes redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic lineages in the fungal family Boletaceae . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 69 , no. 1 , 2014, p. 93-115 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-014-0283-8 .

Web links

Commons : Caloboletus  - collection of images, videos and audio files