Imleria
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Chestnut boletus ( Imleria badia ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Imleria | ||||||||||||
| Vizzini |
Imleria is a fungal genus of the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletaceae). The fruiting bodies have a pale, almost white to chestnut brown hat and stem and a layer of tubes that are almost white when young, cream-colored to pale yellow. When the hat surface is damp, it is sticky. The meat and the tubes turn blue on pressure or when cut. The hat top layer is an ixotrichoderm , the spores are smooth.
The type species is the chestnut boletus ( Imleria badia ).
features
Macroscopic features
The centrally stalked, depending on the species, very delicate to strong fruit bodies have a tubular layer on the underside of the hat. The hat can be very pale, almost white, fawn milk coffee-colored, fawn with Isabel tones (e.g. Imleria pallida ), but mostly shows brown tones from ocher-brown to red-brown, maroon to dark red-brown. The surface of young and dry specimens is barely to noticeably felty, soon becomes smooth and polished, and sticky in wet weather. The almost white, cream-colored to lemon-yellow tubes turn pale yellow with age and blue or tan with pressure. The stem is colored like the hat or a little paler, the surface shows no stem net in most species (exception: Imleria pallid a with a fine net markings sometimes on the stem seat) and is smooth to ingrown longitudinally fibrous and can - depending on the species - blue or tan when printed. The meat ( trama ) is whitish to lemon yellow and discolored when in contact with air in the hat, especially above the tube layer, as well as the tube layer itself, greenish-blue. It tastes mild to slightly bitter and has a non-specific smell.
Microscopic features
The spores are ellipsoidal to almost fusiform, with a distinct suprahilar depression, somewhat thick-walled, smooth (also in the electron microscope), pale olive-brown in the transmitted light microscope and are inamyloid. The hat cover layer ( Pileipellis ) is an ixotrichoderm, consisting of long, narrow and cylindrical interwoven fungal threads ( hyphae ). They are smooth or slightly encrusted by a fine, yellowish pigment and embedded in a gel layer. The trama of the hymenophore is divergent with a pronounced mediostratum ( boletus subtype). Buckles are missing.
ecology
Imleria species form ectomycorrhiza with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
distribution
The genus Imleria is so far only known from North America, Europe and Asia. The chestnut boletus ( Imleria badia ) is widespread in the northern temperate regions of Europe. North American collections differ genetically and could represent their own taxon, but are morphologically and anatomically indistinguishable from European collections. Imleria heteroderma (= Boletus badiorufus nom. Inval.) Is only known from Europe. Imleria parva was found in tropical Yunnan , a province in southwest China. Imleria obscurebrunnea occurs in the subtropical regions of China and Japan. Imleria subalpina , on the other hand, comes from the submontane mountain regions in northwest China. In North America, Imleria floridana and Imleria pallida are found in addition to Imleria badia sl .
species
The genus Imleria comprises 7 species worldwide, 2 of which are found in Europe.
| Imleria worldwide |
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Systematics
The genus Imleria is a representative of the Boletaceae and is close here with genera such as B. Porphyrellus , Tengioboletus , Tylopilus or Xanthoconium related.
Based on the morphological data by Šutara (2008) and the molecular studies by Gelardi et al. (2013), Nuhn et al. (2013) and Wu et al. 2014, the chestnut bolet, formerly known as Xerocomus badius or Boletus badius , belongs neither to the felt boletus in the narrower sense ( Xerocomus see str.) Nor to the red-footed boletus ( Xerocomellus ), but occupies a separate position in the trees of the tree. Vizzini has therefore established the genus Imleria for the species . Initially, the genus Imleria was viewed as monotypical, but shortly after the description (Vizzini 2014) it was expanded to include additional representatives: Zhu et al. described two more species in 2014 and recombined one species from the felt tubers, Rödig (2015) recombined another European species, Farid et al. (2020) described another species anew and recombined another species to Imleria .
Toxicology and food value
No poisonous species are known in the genus Imleria . The chestnut boletus ( Imleria badia ) and Imleria pallida are known to be edible .
Origin of name
The generic name Imleria honors the Belgian mycologist Louis Imler (1900-1993).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Alfredo Vizzini: Index Fungorum no.147. (PDF) May 12, 2014, accessed on January 18, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Xue-Tai Zhu, Yan-Chun Li, Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Kuan Zhao, Matteo Gelardi, Gerhard W. Kost, Zhu L. Yang: The genus Imleria (Boletaceae) in East Asia . In: Phytotaxa . tape 191 , no. 1 , December 2014, p. 81-98 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.191.1.5 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Arian Farid, Alan R. Franck, Jason Bolin, James R. Garey: Expansion of the genus Imleria in North America to include Imleria floridana, sp. nov., and Imleria pallida, comb. nov. In: Mycologia . February 19, 2020, ISSN 0027-5514 , p. 1–15 , doi : 10.1080 / 00275514.2019.1685359 ( tandfonline.com [accessed April 3, 2020]).
- ↑ a b c d Wolfgang Klofac, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber: Revised key for the determination of fresh finds of European species of the Boletales with tubular hymenophore . In: Austrian journal for mushroom science . tape 27 , 2020, ISSN 1021-2450 , p. 81-303 .
- ↑ a b c Josef Šutara: Xerocomus sl in the light of the present state of knowledge . In: Czech Mycology . tape 60 , no. 1 , 2008, p. 29-62 .
- ↑ a b c Thomas Rödig: Nomenclatural novelties . In: Index Fungorum . tape 273 , November 20, 2015, p. 1 ( indexfungorum.org [PDF]).
- ↑ Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Jing-To Sun, Xing-Zhong Liu: Boletus sinopulverulentus , a new species from Shaanxi Province (central China) and notes on Boletus and Xerocomus . In: Sydowia . tape 65 , no. 1 , 2013, p. 45-57 .
- ^ Mitchell E. Nuhn, Manfred Binder, Andy FS Taylor, Roy E. Halling, David S. Hibbett: Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae . In: Fungal Biology . tape 117 , no. 7–8 , 2013, pp. 479–511 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2013.04.008 ( clarku.edu [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
- ↑ Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Jianping Xu, Xue-Tai Zhu, Yan-Chun Li, Nian-Kai Zeng, Md. Iqbal Hosen, Zhu L. Yang: Molecular phylogenetic analyzes redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic lineages in the fungal family Boletaceae . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 69 , no. 1 , 2014, p. 93-115 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-014-0283-8 .
- ^ Alan Bergo: Boletus pallidus. In: Forager Chef, Hunting Mushrooms, Wild and Obscure Food. Accessed April 3, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Louis Imler. In: Botanic Garden Meise . Retrieved January 19, 2015 .
