Brown and black hard bovist
| Brown and black hard bovist | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown-black hard bovist ( Scleroderma verrucosum ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scleroderma verrucosum | ||||||||||||
| ( Bull .: Pers. ) Pers. |
The brown-waxy hard bovist ( Scleroderma verrucosum ) is a 3–7 cm large mushroom from the potato bovist family (Sclerodermataceae). Sometimes it is also referred to as a thin-skinned hard bovist or thin-skinned potato bovist . These names are not unique, but are also used for the similar leopard skin Hartbovist ( Scleroderma areolatum ).
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting body often has the shape of a flattened tuber, with the base elongated like a stem. It has a leather-like outer skin ( peridia ) that is initially smooth and later covered with numerous small brown scales on a light background. The color varies between yellow and brown. In young mushrooms, the fruit mass is white and firm; it has an unpleasant odor and a pungent taste. Later the pulp becomes softer and turns an olive-brown shade. When ripe, the inside consists of black spore powder. The top of the fruit body tears open, so that the ripe spores escape in the form of clouds of dust.
Microscopic features
The spores are 8 to 11.6 micrometers in diameter (excluding the spines). The spines are between 1.0 and 1.4 micrometers long.
Species delimitation
The leopard skin Hartbovist ( Scleroderma areolatum ) is particularly similar . The brown warzige differs from it by even more fine warzig spores and a pronounced pitted stem. Furthermore, the leopard skin Hartbovist is somewhat smaller and has a leopard skin-like outer layer.
The thick-skinned potato bovist also has a similarity, but it can get even bigger and has a thick outer skin.
Ecology and phenology
The common brown-warzige Hartbovist grows individually or in small groups in deciduous and mixed forests on calcareous soil but also on nutrient-rich subsoil in parks and forests between June and October.
Food value
The black and black hard bovist is poisonous. Consumption can lead to indigestion such as vomiting and abdominal pain. In addition, sweating and low blood pressure with dizziness and collapse, possibly leading to unconsciousness, can occur. The poison effect can already set in 30 to 45 minutes after the mushroom meal. Visual disturbances and abnormal sensations have also occurred in individual cases after consumption.
It is not known which substances are responsible for the toxic effect.
swell
literature
- Ettore Bielli: mushrooms. A comprehensive guide to identifying and collecting mushrooms . Italian original title: Funghi . Kaiser, Klagenfurt 2002, ISBN 3-7043-2179-6 . P. 195
- Walter Jülich: Small cryptogam flora . Vol. IIb / 1, Basidiomycetes 1st part: non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms, belly mushrooms . 1st edition. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag , Jena 1984
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Common potato bovist . In: Mushroom database of the Munich poison emergency call. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ Rosemarie Kießling: Poisoning with Scleroderma Verrucosum (Bull.) Pers. 1801 . Website of the German Society for Mycology. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
