Potato Boviste
| Potato Boviste | ||||||||||||
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Thick-skinned potato bovist ( Scleroderma citrinum ) |
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| Scleroderma | ||||||||||||
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The potato or hard bovine ( Scleroderma ) are a genus of fungi from the potato bovine family . The exterior of the fruiting bodies suggests a relationship to the Bovists and Stäublingen , but actually they belong to the thick tubule-like . In the past, the Sclerodermataceae were also placed in their own order Sclerodermatales together with the weather stars. The representatives of the genus are poisonous. Potato bovists have also been used in small doses to counterfeit real truffles in food.
features
Macroscopic features
The aboveground and more or less spherical-bulbous structures are partly stalked by coarse mycelial strands . The simple, coarse outer skin is smooth or flaky and crumbles from the top when ripe. It is yellow or brown, the Gleba inside is already colored immature dark, a scalp does not exist.
Microscopic features
The brown spores have a spherical shape and are clearly reticulated or ornamented with spikes . They split up early from the basidia and then of nutrients hyphen supplied to above all the ornament build.
species
The genus includes around 30 species worldwide. There are around 10 species in Europe or can be expected there:
| Potato boviste ( Scleroderma ) in Europe |
The brown, prickly spores of the thick-skinned potato bovine under the light microscope
Onion-potato
bovist Scleroderma cepa
Mediterranean potato
bovist Scleroderma meridionale
Black and black hard
bovine Scleroderma verrucosum
ecology
The Scleroderma species are mycorrhizal formers with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
Systematics
The potato bovists are not closely related to some species from the family of the stubber relatives (Lycoperdaceae), which are also referred to as Boviste ; the similar fruiting bodies are the result of convergent evolution in adaptation to relatively dry locations.
meaning
toxicology
The consumption of potato bovists can lead to digestive problems such as vomiting and abdominal pain, acute vomiting diarrhea can also occur ( gastrointestinal syndrome ). In addition, sweating and low blood pressure with dizziness, collapse, and possibly even unconsciousness can occur. The toxic effects can occur as early as 30 to 45 minutes after the mushroom meal. Visual disturbances, abnormal sensations, cramps and intoxicating conditions have also occurred in individual cases after the consumption of potato bovists.
It is not known which substances are responsible for the toxic effects of potato bovines.
Origin of name
The appearance of the rounded, yellow-brownish fruiting bodies is reminiscent of potato tubers, which gave the genus the name "Kartoffelboviste". The second name "Hartboviste" is the short form of "Hartschalboviste". It refers to the durable, hard outer shell. “Hartboviste” could also indicate the firm flesh before the fruit bodies inside disintegrate into spore powder.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 2: Heterobasidiomycetes (gelatinous mushrooms), Aphyllophorales (non-leaf mushrooms), Gastromycetes (belly mushrooms). Mykologia, Luzern 1986, ISBN 3-85604-020-X .
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th ed. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Scleroderma . In: Fungiworld.com. June 13, 2008, archived from the original on January 23, 2013 ; Retrieved August 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Helmut Schubothe: Mushroom poisoning. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition ibid. 1961, p. 1214 f., Here: p. 1214 ( Satan mushroom poisoning ).
- ↑ a b Common potato bovist. In: Mushroom database of the Munich poison emergency call. Retrieved January 14, 2014 .
- ↑ Rosemarie Kießling: Poisoning with Scleroderma Verrucosum (Bull.) Pers. 1801. In: Website of the German Society for Mycology. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Andreas Kunze: Potato Boviste or Hartboviste? The crux with the German mushroom names . In: The Tintling . tape 78 , no. 5 , 2012, ISSN 1430-595X , p. 7-10 .
