Net-handled witch bolete
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Net-handled witch bolete ( Suillellus luridus ) |
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| Suillellus luridus | ||||||||||||
| ( Schaeff. ) Murrill |
The nettle-stemmed witch boletus ( Suillellus luridus , syn. Boletus luridus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the boletus relatives (Boletaceae). The species prefers calcareous soils and can form a mycorrhiza with many higher plants .
features
Macroscopic features
The 5–20 cm wide hat has a hemispherical to domed shape and a suede-like, velvety-dry surface. The hat color ranges from ocher brown to brick red to dark olive; it is often a little lighter at the edges and dark blue at pressure points. The greenish to yellowish tubes quickly and intensely turn dark blue at pressure points. The round and small pores or tube mouths on the underside of the hat are colored carmine red and also blue when printed. The squat stem is 8-14 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. The stem has a yellowish base color and is covered with a dark, veiny network. The flesh is yellow, reddish at the base of the stem and red above the tubes. It quickly turns dark blue in the cut. As with most boletus, pulvic acid derivatives are responsible for the blue discoloration . However, this has no influence on the palatability. The smell and taste are not very pronounced in fresh specimens. The spore powder is olive brown.
Microscopic features
The elongated spindle-shaped spores are 10–15 micrometers long and 5–7 µm wide.
variability
Muñoz (2005) lists six varieties and forms in his monograph:
| Scientific name | Author quote | Differentiation from type variety / form |
|---|---|---|
| Suillellus luridus var. Rubriceps | (Maire) Dermek 1987 | The hat of this variety is completely red in color. |
| Suillellus luridus var. Erythroteron | (Bezdek) Pilat & Dermek 1974 | The meat of this variety is dark red in color and turns wine-red on contact with air. |
| Suillellus luridus var. Queletiformis | Blum 1968 | The hat of this variety is orange, orange-ocher or red-ocher and the stem base is colored wine-red inside and out. |
| Suillellus luridus f. primulicolor | Simonini 1997 | The shape has a yellow hat and stem, except for the red stem base. |
| Suillellus luridus f. lupinus | Peltereau ex Gilb. 1931 | The hat of this form is colored yellow, yellow-orange, bright orange or yellow-ocher; the stem has a yellow, slightly reddish color towards the base. |
| Suillellus luridus f. lupiniformis | Blum 1968 | The hat of this shape is pale, greyish or pale yellowish in color and spotted with pink. The initially whitish flesh is later tinted purple or pink. |
Species delimitation
The flaky-stemmed witch's boletus ( Neoboletus erythropus ) does not show a net-like pattern on the stem bark, but rather fine reddish flakes. A mix-up would be harmless, because the flaky-stemmed witch bolet is considered a better edible mushroom. The short-networked witch's tubule ( Suillellus mendax ) looks even more similar , whose reticulated and dotted stem surface is reminiscent of a mixture of flaky-stemmed and net-stemmed witch-tubers. In addition, reddish tones predominate on the hat and stem. Microscopically, the species is characterized by longer spores and a slightly different hat cover layer. Inexperienced collectors can confuse the net-handled witch bolete with the poisonous, but already odor-repellent and much rarer Satan's bolete ( Rubroboletus satanas ). However, this hat has a much lighter, gray hat color - especially in the youth stage. Another doppelganger is the Caucasian witch bolete ( Suillellus caucasicus ), which, however, is rarely found in Central Europe. A distinguishing feature is its yellow tube bottom, which can, however, also occur sporadically in the netted witch tube. The iodine color reaction is even clearer : it is positive in the Netzstieligen Hexen-Röhrling, but negative in the Caucasian.
ecology
From early summer to autumn (June – October), the nettle-stemmed witch-bolet occurs frequently under deciduous trees (oak, linden and beech), in avenues and parks with old trees and at roadsides. He is, as kalkliebend , often on rather dry, clay and alkaline soils.
meaning
The nettle-handled witch boletus is poisonous when raw, and normally edible when cooked well. Occasionally, when consumed together with alcohol, intolerance occurs, for which the active ingredient coprin is often blamed. So far, however, neither coprin nor substances with a similar effect could be detected in the fungus. Since this poison had already been found in the related ox boletus ( Boletus torosus ), the assumption arose that the poisoning may be due to confusion with this fungus. However, even the presence of this poison in the ox boletus is doubted, since the mushroom can also be consumed with alcohol without harm. In addition, symptoms and latency speak against Coprinus syndrome when it occurs . As a result, this form of poisoning is not caused by the nettle-handled witch bolete and probably also by the ox bolete.
swell
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms. Fourth, reviewed edition, BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8354-0053-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alfredo Vizzini: Index Fungorum no.188. September 9, 2014, accessed on January 20, 2014 .
- ↑ Suillellus luridus. Retrieved June 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Jose Antonio Muñoz: Boletus s. l. (excl. Xerocomus). Strobilomycetaceae, Gyroporaceae, Gyrodontaceae, Suillaceae, Boletaceae . In: Fungi Europaei . tape 2 . Massimo Candusso, Alassio SV September 15, 2005.
- ↑ Gernot Friebes: A short note on Boletus mendax Simonini & Vizzini . In: The Tintling . tape 85 , no. 6/2013 . Karin Monday, ISSN 1430-595X .
- ^ Alfredo Vizzini, Giampaolo Simonini, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron: Boletus mendax, a new species of Boletus sect. Luridi from Italy and insights on the B. luridus complex . In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , no. 1 , February 2014, p. 95-109 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-013-0896-4 .
- ↑ Andreas Gminder : Key of the red-pored Röhrlinge. (PDF; 105 KB) Archived from the original on September 23, 2010 ; Retrieved February 25, 2014 .
- ↑ Ulrich Kiwitt, Hartmut Laatsch: Coprin in Boletus torosus: Is the alleged alcohol intolerance due to the consumption of the net-handled witch's boletus (Boletus luridus) due to a mistake? In: Journal of Mycology . tape 60 , no. 2 , 1994, p. 423–430 ( online ( memento of January 13, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 486 kB ]). Coprin in Boletus torosus: Is the alleged alcohol intolerance due to the consumption of the net-handled witch's tube (Boletus luridus) due to a mistake? ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b René Flammer: Boletus torosus - Coprin and alcohol . In: Swiss journal for mushroom science . tape 4 , 2008, p. 146–147 ( online [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
