Smudges

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Smudges
Large scrub (Gomphidius glutinosus)

Large scrub ( Gomphidius glutinosus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Boletales (Boletales)
Subordination : Suillineae
Family : Greasy relatives (Gomphidiaceae)
Genre : Smudges
Scientific name
Gomphidius
Fr.

The gomphidius ( Gomphidius ) is a fungal genus of the family of Schmierling relatives . The best known is the large mutt or cow's mouth ( Gomphidius glutinosus ), the type species of the genus.

features

Macroscopic features

The smearings are characterized by a very greasy hat skin , which is also their name-giving feature. The hat is often hunched over and turned up in old age. The hat color can be a mixture of purple, brown, gray, ocher, copper or red. The fruit body becomes medium to large in size and is fleshy. The more or less distant lamellae turn dark to black with age, they clearly run down the stem . They sometimes have a waxy consistency and are lighter in color than the hat, with tones of ocher, gray or orange. The spore powder is blackish or dark olive brown. The stem is mostly yellow at the lower end, otherwise white. A slimy ring zone often remains in the upper part of the velum . The meat shows a white or pale color in the hat and handle, the base of the handle is strikingly chrome-yellow in color.

Microscopic features

The lamellar trama is constructed bilaterally. The fruit layer shows large cystidia on the blade edges . The elongated, spindle-shaped, smooth-walled spores have no germ pore.

Generic delimitation

Smudges can easily be confused with yellow feet ( Chroogomphus ). Chroogomphus species are distinguished by drier hats, a fibrous, dry velum, reddish copper flesh and amyloid mycelial hyphae at the base of the stem.

Ecology and phenology

Smearings are mycorrhizal fungi , i.e. they form communities with higher plants. Preferred partners are various conifers such as pines , larches and spruces .

The fruiting bodies appear in summer and autumn.

species

Worldwide there are 10 species of muttlings, 5 of which are found in Europe.

Butterflies ( Gomphidius ) in Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Lowland dross Gomphidius borealis OK Miller, Aime & Peintner 2002
Big smack or cow's mouth Gomphidius glutinosus (Schaeffer 1774: Fries 1821) Fries 1838
Spotting larch or spotted smear Gomphidius maculatus (Scopoli 1772) Frieze 1838
Rose-red smear Gomphidius roseus (Frieze 1821: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838
Mediterranean scrap Gomphidius tyrrhenicus D. Antonini & M. Antonini 2004

Systematics

The smearlings are closely related to the yellow feet ( Chroogomphus ) and were previously listed in the same genus. Some authors use the common name “yellow feet” for the genus instead of “smearings”. Despite the lamellar hymenophore , the greases belong to the thick tubule-like .

meaning

Most muttlings are edible; there are no poisonous species within the genus.

swell

literature

  • Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-405-14737-2 (639 pages; one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
  • Andreas Gminder: manual for mushroom pickers . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-11472-8 (397 pages).
  • Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
  2. ^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
  3. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Gomphidius . In: [Fungiworld.com]. Mushroom Taxa Database. December 9, 2009, accessed on September 8, 2012 (including update no.76).

Web links

Commons : Smearings ( Gomphidius )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files