Big scruff
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Large scrub ( Gomphidius glutinosus ) |
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| Gomphidius glutinosus | ||||||||||||
| ( Schaeff .: Fr. ) Fr. |
The large mutt ( Gomphidius glutinosus ) is a fungus from the family of the mutt relatives (Gomphidiaceae). Because of its greasy hat skin, it has received numerous common names; one of the best known is the name cow's mouth . Another name is yellow foot , which arose from its stem base, which is also yellow on the inside.
features
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Macroscopic features
The hat of the big smut is hemispherical at first and then long domed. Finally, it is spread out flat and in the middle mostly clearly deepened with a curved edge, which makes it appear almost funnel-shaped. It reaches a diameter of three to eight, sometimes twelve centimeters. Initially the hat is dark purple to sepia gray or gray-brown with purple parts. After the mucous membrane has disappeared, it appears significantly lighter and more flesh-brown in color. Later it becomes increasingly black-spotted. The surface is smooth and covered with a tough layer of mucus. The hat skin is easily removable. The lamellae are first colored light gray, but later become darker and darker until they appear purple-gray or almost blackish. After a while, black-brown spots appear on pressure. The lamellas run down the handle and are only slightly forked. The stalk becomes four to ten centimeters long and one to two centimeters thick. It is cylindrical in shape and occasionally pointed at the lower end or thickened a little clumpy. The stem is mostly white in color when young, only chrome-yellow at the base and has a ring zone. Above it it is dry, underneath it is slimy. The flesh is white and the base of the stem has a strong yellow tint. It is soft, does not discolour when injured or under pressure and has a mild taste.
Microscopic features
The spores are spindle-shaped to long-elliptical and measure 18–21 × 6–7 micrometers. The basidia that carry them are club-shaped with 50–60 × 12–16 micrometers. The cystidia have a cylindrical shape, but are sometimes also somewhat clubbed or pointed and usually somewhat narrower than the basidia; they measure 100-120 × 10-14 micrometers. There is often a brownish mass at the top. The top layer of the hat is very slimy (ixokutis) and consists of intertwined, prostrate hyphae with a thickness of two to five micrometers.
Species delimitation
The big yellow foot is mainly to be confused with the spotty yellow foot ( G. maculatus ). This is mostly found in larches , and its flesh turns red when injured and then black; the hat is often dark spotted. The copper-red yellow foot ( Chroogomphus rutilus ) can also be similar . However, it has a rather copper-red color, is not slimy and can be found under pine trees . In young specimens and when viewed from above, the large grease has a resemblance to the butter tube , which however has tubes rather than lamellae.
ecology
The big smut is a mycorrhizal fungus that is often found in spruce-fir forests on acidic soils. There it grows to the edge of the moors , but can not colonize the peat moss area. In addition, the fungus is often found in mixed beech forests. In addition, it occurs in spruce or mixed stands, where it can live on both base-poor and base-rich subsoil. The species is consequently quite insensitive to the pH of the substrate.
The large meager apparently needs a rainfall of at least 900 millimeters per year. This means that it can usually only be found in rainy years. The fungus continues to occur mainly at altitudes above 300 meters above sea level .
The symbiotic partners of the fungus are exclusively conifers, and among these mainly the Norway spruce . The fruiting bodies appear in summer and autumn from around July to November.
distribution
The large moss is distributed in the Holarctic from meridional to boreal . It can be found in North America in the USA and Canada as well as in Europe. In Europe, the species can be found in principle in all countries. In Germany it is proven everywhere and nowhere rarely.
meaning
The big smear is considered a good edible mushroom .
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ewald Gerhardt: BLV identification book mushrooms . Weltbild, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-8289-1673-2 . P. 52. (for the entire paragraph).
Web links
- Gomphidius glutinosus at RogersMushrooms
- The cow's mouth in Natur-Lexikon.com
- Portrait of the cow's mouth with description and micro-drawing (PDF; 283 kB)
