Alder curling
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Alder Krempling ( Paxillus rubicundulus ) |
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| Paxillus rubicundulus | ||||||||||||
| PD Orton |
The alder Kremp Ling ( Paxillus rubicundulus ) is a fungal art from the family of Kremp Ling relatives (Paxillaceae). Despite the lamellar Hymenophors he is one of the Dickröhrlingsartigen (Boletales). The species grows under gray and black alders .
According to more recent findings, alder crembling is a collective species .
features
The Alder-Krempling usually forms medium-sized fruiting bodies divided into a hat and a stem, the stem is usually central, rarely a bit eccentric. The 3–10 cm wide hat is convex when young, becomes flatter as it grows and in old specimens usually has a clearly funnel-like deepened center and a wavy edge. The hat is olive yellow, yellow to golden brown, the hat colors are brighter than the related Kahlen Krempling . The surface of the hat is finely felted, later it becomes smooth and over time it becomes reddish-brown, cracked and flaky, especially the edge area then appears flamed. The edge of the hat is hardly curved in older specimens, it is then thin and sharp. The partially forked lamellae run far down the stem, they are bright yellow in color, whereby the color changes from creamy to golden to olive yellow in the course of the fruit body ripening. They slowly turn reddish brown on pressure. The stem becomes 2–6 cm long and 0.5 to 2 cm thick, it can be very short and cylindrical to conical in shape, towards the base it usually tapers to a point. It is light yellow in color, the meat is also light yellow or wood colored, it changes little after cutting. The most important distinguishing features from bald krempling are the mycorrhizal partners, the fact that red-brown (instead of dark brown) spots appear on pressure, and spores of different sizes.
ecology
The alder krempling is a mycorrhizal fungus that lives in symbiosis with the black alder and gray alder in Central Europe ; Gröger explicitly excludes the green alder as a symbiotic partner. Alder-Krempling grows in alder-field elm alluvial forests and alder swamp forests, less often in other types of forest, in moors, on roadsides, dams and river banks. It is not tied to a specific soil pH value, but it has a high moisture requirement and does not occur on dry surfaces. Its fruiting bodies appear in the summer and autumn months.
distribution
The alder krempling occurs in Europe, outside of Europe it is only known from Japan. In Europe the alder krempling occurs from the south to the northern border of the coniferous forest zone. In Germany it is more common in the south than in the north. The species is not endangered, even if sites are lost due to melioration measures .
meaning
The alder Krempling is suspicious of poison.
Systematics
On the basis of genetic studies, the alder krempling was split into three types: Paxillus adelphus , Paxillus olivellus and Paxillus rubicundulus s. st. The latter is the rarest species and so far only known from a few finds. The three species differ in terms of hat surface and stature, among other things, but can sometimes only be distinguished microscopically.
swell
literature
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 3: Bolete and agaric mushrooms. Part 1: Strobilomycetaceae and Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiacea, Hygrophoracea, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellar). Mykologia, Luzern 1991, ISBN 3-85604-030-7 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 (Aphyllophorales, Heterobasidiomycetes, Gastromycetes; 626 pages, 175 illustrations on 15 plates).
- Frieder Gröger: Identification key for agaric mushrooms and boletus in Europe. Part I . In: Regensburger Mykologische Schriften 13 . Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft , 2006, ISSN 0944-2820 (master key; generic key; species key for Röhrlinge and relatives, wax leafs, light-leaved mushrooms, light-leaved ones and red blooms).
Individual evidence
- ^ Christoph Hahn, Reinhard Agerer: Studies on the Paxillus involutus circle of shapes . In: Nova Hedwigia . tape 69 , 1999, pp. 241-310 .
- ↑ a b Patricia Jargeat, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Hervé Gryta, Jean-Paul Chaumeton, Monique Gardes: Paxillus rubicundulus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) and two new alder-specific ectomycorrhizal species, Paxillus olivellus and Paxillus adelphus, from Europe and North Africa . In: Fungal Biology . tape 120 , no. 5 , May 1, 2016, ISSN 1878-6146 , p. 711–728 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2016.02.008 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed April 16, 2020]).
