Parasitic boletus
| Parasitic boletus | ||||||||||||
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Parasitic boletus ( Pseudoboletus parasiticus ) on thick-skinned potato bovist ( Scleroderma citrinum ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pseudoboletus | ||||||||||||
| Šutara |
The parasitic boletus ( Pseudoboletus ) are a genus of fungi from the family of the thick boletus relatives (Boletaceae).
The type species is the Parasitic Boletus ( Pseudoboletus parasiticus ).
features
Macroscopic features
The usually small fruiting bodies of the parasitic boletus are similar in appearance to the felt boletus ( Xerocomus ). The tubes are attached to the stem or run down a little. The pores or tube mouths are medium-sized. The spore powder leaves an olive-brown imprint. The solid stalk is connected to the host's fruiting body via its lower part.
Microscopic features
The hat covering layer ( Pileipellis ) consists of a trichoderm , the fungal threads ( hyphae ) of which more or less collapse with age. Gelification of the hyphae was not observed. The structure of the hymenophoraltrama is a well-developed intermediate between the boletus and phylloporus types, sometimes almost boletoid. The tubule-like spores appear elongated, spindle-shaped, cylindrical with a flat hillock in profile when viewed from the front . In the only European species of this genus ( P. parasiticus ) the spore surface has an unusual jagged ornament that can only be detected with electron microscopy. The stem surface is sterile and consists of a fibrous trichoderm. Spore stands ( caulobasidia ) are missing here. The stem meat is composed of hyphae arranged lengthways. A lateral stalk layer is missing. The hyphae are buckled.
Generic delimitation
The pseudo-boletus differ from the other European types of thick boletus relatives in the following features: The stem surface is sterile, has no caulocystidia and is covered with a fibrous trichoderm. Pseudoboletus species feed parasitically, at least for a certain period of their life. Another feature that distinguishes the Parasitic Boletus from other European Boletaceae representatives is the jagged ornamented surface of the spores.
Pseudoboletus also differs from the felt boletus ( Xerocomus s. Str. ) And the red-footed bolete ( Xerocomellus ), whose fruiting bodies are macroscopically most similar, by the following characteristics: From Xerocomus s. st. by the structure of the hymenophoral trama, which lies between the boletoid and phylloporoid types, is sometimes almost boletoid, and of Xerocomellus by the top layer of the hat, which consists of a fibrous trichoderm.
ecology
During the fructification phase, pseudo-tubules live as mycoparasites on belly fungi of the genera Scleroderma and Astraeus . While the parasitic boletus is associated with the thick-skinned potato bovist ( S. citrinum ), Pseudoboletus astraeicola parasitizes the common weather star ( Astraeus hygrometricus ).
species
The genus Pseudoboletus comprises two species worldwide, of which only the Parasitic Röhrling occurs in Europe. Pseudoboletus astraeicola is native to Japan.
| Pseudoboletus worldwide |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Klofac, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber: Revised key for the determination of fresh finds of European species of Boletales with tubular hymenophore . In: Austrian journal for mushroom science . tape 27 , 2020, p. 81-303 .
- ^ Mitchell E. Nuhn, Manfred Binder, Andy FS Taylor, Roy E. Halling, David S. Hibbett: Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae . In: Fungal Biology . tape 117 , no. 7-8 , July 2013, pp. 479-511 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2013.04.008 ( elsevier.com [accessed April 1, 2020]).
- ↑ a b c d e f Josef Šutara: Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge . In: Czech Mycology . tape 60 , no. 1 . Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, 2008, p. 29-62 ( PDF; 860 kB ). PDF; 860 kB ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gerard T. Oolbekkink: The taxonomic value of the ornamentation of spores in 'the Xerocomus group' of boletes . In: Persoonia . tape 14 , no. 3 , 1991, pp. 245-273 .
- ^ Jan Holec: The infrastructure of the spore wall and ornamentation in the Xerocomus group of Boletus . In: Czech Mycology . tape 47 , 1994, p. 173-184 .
- ^ Josef Šutara: Pseudoboletus , a new genus of Boletales . In: Ceská mycology . tape 45 , no. 1-2 , 1991, pp. 1-9 .
- ↑ a b c Josef Šutara: Central European genera of the Boletaceae and Suillaceae, with notes on their anatomical characters . In: Czech Mycology . tape 57 . Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, 2005, p. 1-50 .
