Rubroboletus
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Burgundy purple boletus ( Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus ) |
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| Rubroboletus | ||||||||||||
| K. Zhao & Zhu L. Yang |
Rubroboletus is a fungal genus of the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletaceae). The combination of features of the reddish hat surface, an orange-red to blood-red surface of the tube layer, yellow tubes, a pink to red net or similarly colored points on the otherwise yellow handle surface, bluish discoloration when injured, a non-amyloid flesh, olive-brown spore powder is striking , smooth spurs and an interwoven trichodermal hat top layer.
The type species is Rubroboletus sinicus .
features
Macroscopic features
The fruit bodies , which are divided into a hat and a stem, have a tubular hymenophore . The hat has a hemispherical, cushion-like or flat shape and is grayish, pink to red in color. The white, yellowish to lemon yellow flesh ( trama ) quickly turns blue on contact with air. The tube layer has an orange-red to blood-red, with age also orange-yellow surface and quickly turns blue on pressure. The tubes , on the other hand, have a yellow to olive-green color, blue immediately when injured and then slowly return to their original color. The central stem is covered with a pink, red to brown-red net or equally colored spots.
Microscopic features
The hat cover layer ( Pileipellis ) is an interwoven trichoderm made of more or less vertically oriented, sometimes gelatinized, fibrous fungal threads ( hyphae ). The Hymenophoraltrama is boletoid. The approximately spindle-shaped to ovate-elliptical spores are smooth and slightly thick-walled. The sterile elements on the tube surface ( pleurocystids ) and the tube mouths ( cheilocystids ) are bottle-shaped and thin-walled. Buckles on the partition walls ( septa ) of the fungal threads are missing. An amyloid reaction was not observed.
Generic delimitation
Rubroboletus shares some characteristics with the genus Suillellus , such as the blood-red surface of the tubular layer and the blue discoloration on pressure. Suillellus differs from Rubroboletus in the yellowish-brown to dark-brown hat, the yellow to brown reticulated stem and exclusively amyloid hyphae in the flesh, whereas the representatives of Rubroboletus have a grayish-red to bright red or dark red hat, a pink to red stalk net and not have amyloid hyphae.
Caloboletus is somewhat related to Rubroboletus . Although both genera have the reticulated stem and the blue in common, Caloboletus differs significantly in its unique bitter taste and the yellow surface of the tubular layer - with the exception of Caloboletus firmus with the orange-red surface.
Crocinoboletus differs from Rubroboletus in the magnificent orange color of the fruiting bodies, which are based on the unusual boletocrocin-polyene pigments, and the bluish-olive coloration on pressure in all parts of the fruiting body.
Exudoporus species also have a reddish hat, a blood-red to orange-red surface of the tube layer and discolour bluish on pressure. However, they can be recognized by the conspicuously raised stem net and the unique pores that form droplets of exudate when young.
Some Neoboletus species such as N. magnificus and the flaky-stemmed witch's boletus ( N. luridiformis ) (= Boletus erythropus in the sense of some authors) also look similar to the representatives of Rubroboletus . N. magnificus has a sparsely reticulated stalk, which is always covered with red-dotted elements or streaked with red fibrils. N. luridiformis has a brown to dark brown hat and a club-shaped stem covered with dense orange-red flakes.
ecology
Rubroboletus species form ectomycorrhiza with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
species
The genus Rubroboletus comprises 13 species worldwide, 7 of which occur or are expected in Europe.
| Rubroboletus worldwide |
Blood-red witch bolete
Rubroboletus dupainii
Le Gal's crimson or False Satan's mustard
Rubroboletus legaliae
Wolf's boletus
Rubroboletus lupinus
Pale crimson bolete
Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus
Burgundy purple
boletus Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus
Satan's boletus
Rubroboletus satanas
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Systematics
Boletus sect. Luridi is the most species-rich section in the genus of the thick boletus in the broad sense ( Boletus sl ) and has turned out to be polyphyletic . The representatives of this section are divided into several independent clades (Vizzini 2014a; Wu et al. 2014). Rubroboletus corresponds to the “sect. Luridi 4 “in Vizzini et al. (2014) and the “clade 40” of the Pulveroboletus group in Wu et al. (2014). In previous years, some species of the section have been Luridi in the five genera caloboletus , Crocinoboletus , Exsudoporus , neoboletus and suillellus transferred. In addition, the Rubroboletus representatives can be distinguished by their morphological characteristics (see generic delimitation ).
Origin of name
The generic name Rubroboletus is derived from the Latin word ruber "red" and refers to the red color of the hat, the surface of the tube layer and the net or the points on the stem.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Kuan Zhao, Gang Wu, Zhu L. Yang: A new genus, Rubroboletus, to accommodate Boletus sinicus and its allies . In: Phytotaxa . tape 188 , no. 2 , 2014, p. 61-77 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.188.2.1 .
- ^ Jose Antonio Muñoz: Boletus sl In: Fungi Europaei . tape 2 . Edizione Candusso, Alassio 2005, ISBN 88-901057-6-3 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Klofac: Key to the determination of fresh finds of the European species of Boletales with tubular hymenophore . In: Austrian journal for mushroom science . tape 16 , 2007, p. 187-279 .
- ↑ Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera . 2nd Edition. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2012, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 (English, revision of Nordic Macromycetes Volume 2).
- ↑ Kuan Zhao, Gang Wu, Bang Feng, Zhu L. Yang: Molecular phylogeny of Caloboletus (Boletaceae) and a new species in East Asia . In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , no. 4 , 2014, p. 1127-1136 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-014-1001-3 .
- ↑ Nian-Kai Zeng, Gang Wu, Yan-Chun Li, Zhi-Qun Liang, Zhu-Liang Yang: Crocinoboletus, a new genus of Boletaceae (Boletales) with unusual boletocrocin polyene pigments . In: Phytotaxa . tape 175 , no. 3 , 2014, p. 133-140 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.175.3.2 .
- ^ Alfredo Vizzini: Index Fungorum no.183 (PDF) August 14, 2014, accessed on January 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Wei Fan Chiu: The boletes of Yunnan . In: Mycologia . tape 40 , 1948, pp. 199-231 ., Doi : 10.2307 / 3755085 .
- ^ Wei Fan Chiu: Altas of Yunnan boletes . Science Press, Beijing 1957 (Chinese).
- ↑ Gilbert Lannoy, Alain ESTADES: Les Bolets. Flore mycologique d'Europe . In: Association d'Écologie et de Mycologie (ed.): Documents Mycologiques Mémoire Hors . série no.6. Lille 2001, p. 1-163 .
- ^ Alfredo Vizzini: Boletus mendax, a new species of Boletus sect. Luridi from Italy and insights on the B. luridus complex. In: Mycological Progress . tape 13 , 2014, p. 95-109 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-013-0896-4 .
- ↑ Michal Mikšík: Index Fungorum no.207 . (PDF) December 16, 2014, accessed on January 28, 2014 .
- ^ Alfredo Vizzini: Index Fungorum no.233. (PDF) March 24, 2015, accessed on April 26, 2015 .
- ↑ Jonathan L. Frank: Index Fungorum no.248. (PDF) June 11, 2015, accessed June 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Boletus . In: fungiworld.com. Retrieved January 20, 2015 .
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 544-545 (reprint from 1996).
