Wine-red purple boletus
| Wine-red purple boletus | ||||||||||||
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Burgundy purple boletus ( Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus | ||||||||||||
| ( Walty ex Cheype ) K. Zhao & Zhu L. Yang |
The wine-red purple boletus or Moser's Satan's boletus ( Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus , syn .: Boletus rubrosanguineus , B. splendidus ssp. Moseri ) is a type of mushroom from the family of thick bolete relatives (Boletaceae). Sometimes the species is also called False Satan's Röhrling because of its similarity to the Satan's Röhrling ( R. satanas ), especially young and not yet pink-tinted specimens , whereas the name is used today for R. legaliae .
The epithet of the scientific species name is made up of the two Latin word elements “ruber” (= red, reddened, glowing red) and “sanguineus” (bloody, blood red) and refers to the coloration of fully grown fruiting bodies . The second part of the name of the synonym moseri honors the Austrian mycologist Meinhard Michael Moser .
features
Macroscopic features
The central stemmed hat of the wine-red purple bolete is hemispherical to cushion-like in shape and measures 7–20 (–25) cm in width. Young fruiting bodies have a light to mouse gray, also pale milk coffee-colored and felt-like hat skin. With increasing age, the pink subcutis becomes more and more apparent. Even with intensely purple-red hats, there is always a gritty, scabbed center. The surface becomes bald over time and then appears smooth, even a bit slimy in damp weather. The joyously yellow and olive-tinted tubes when ripe are blue when touched. The pores or tube mouths are evenly colored carmine to blood red from the edge to the base of the handle and also blue on pressure. The spore powder is olive brown in color. The 5–12 cm long and 2–4 cm thick stalk initially has a bulbous, club-like habit, extends in the course of development and then looks almost cylindrical. At least the upper half of the golden to orange-yellow stem bark is covered with a close-knit, red net. The base of the handle is clad in gray olive felt. The basal mycelium is pale yellow in color. The pale yolk-yellow or sulfur-yellow meat turns blue on contact with atmospheric oxygen immediately, but rather slowly and weakly to moderately strong. After a few hours, the discoloration fades to a cloudy yellow. The stem base, on the other hand, has a wine-red color. The bottom of the tube or the flesh of the hat on which the tube layer rests is yellow. The meat tastes mild and smells unspecific.
Microscopic features
The basidia, which are 25–40 micrometers long and 9–13 (–15) µm wide, mature into spindle-shaped and 12–18 × 4.5–6.5 µm large spores . The cystids have a bottle-like to bulbous-spindle shape. They appear more scattered at the pores and become larger there, up to 50 µm long. The top layer of the hat consists of initially more or less erect, soon lying down, cylindrical hyphae ends . They become 2.5–9 µm wide.
The sometimes practiced separation into two alleged clans based on the hyphae width of the HDS (2–5 µm vs. 5–10 µm) could not be confirmed because the deciduous forest finds from Schönbuch showed a hyphae width of up to 9 µm.
Species delimitation
The burgundy purple boletus can be confused with other red - pored thick boletus relatives . The similar looking pale - capped purple boletus ( R. rhodoxanthus ) is characterized by a carmine-red stem net and bright yellow flesh that is blue only in the hat. The inedible red boletus ( Caloboletus calopus ) can also resemble the wine-red purple boletus . The tube mouths of the fruiting bodies are yellow and not red in color , except for the ruforubraporus variety . Mushroom collectors often consider edible witch boletes such as the flaky-stemmed witch bolete ( Neoboletus luridiformis ) for the wine-red purple bolete. However, these form brown-capped fruit bodies. In addition, the meat turns blue quickly and clearly when cut or broken open.
Ecology and phenology
The burgundy purple boletus colonizes beech and oak-hornbeam forests on neutral to basic as well as loamy and fresh soils. The fungus also grows on former cattle pastures over shell limestone that was afforested with spruce and fir trees. It also occurs in mixed mountain forests on mosaic-like acidic soils. With regard to the altitude, two areas emerge: Deciduous forest finds come from the colline to submontane level from 300 to 500 m above sea level . The collections of conifers mostly come from the upper submontane to montane altitude region of 620 to 730 m above sea level. NN. Accordingly, the wine-red purple boletus seems to avoid areas between 500 and 600 meters in altitude. German Josef Krieglsteiner initially suspected two different clans, but rejected the separation due to a lack of distinguishing features.
The fungus mainly fructifies from July to September, there are still a few stragglers in autumn.
distribution
In Baden-Wuerttemberg only isolated and widely scattered finds of the claret-red boletus are known. The main area of distribution is in Schönbuch, although no contiguous area can be identified. Bavarian evidence comes from the foothills of the Alps and the Alpine region, evidence also exists from more southerly areas with limestone gravel deposits from Ice Age glaciers, such as the nature reserve near Rosenau (NSG-00462.01) in the district of Dingolfing-Landau, a remnant of the hedge meadows of the Isar valley with semi-arid and dry grass , warmth-loving seams and dry bushes.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Frank Röger: What actually is the false boletus Boletus rubrosanguineus (Walty) ex Cheype? In: The Tintling . tape 1 , no. 34 , 2003, p. 6–12 ( available online as a PDF document ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Frank Röger: The purple Röhrlinge . In: The Tintling . Issue 1/2007, No. 50 , 2007, ISSN 1430-595X , p. 7-20 .
- ↑ Kuan Zhao, Gang Wu, Zhu L. Yang: A new genus, Rubroboletus, to accommodate Boletus sinicus and its allies . In: Phytotaxa . tape 188 , no. 2 , 2014, p. 61-77 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.188.2.1 .
- ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN 0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
- ↑ Fritz Clemens Werner: Word elements of Latin-Greek technical terms in the biological sciences . Suhrkamp, 1972, ISBN 978-3-518-36564-9 (Suhrkamp Taschenbuch 64).
- ^ German Society for Mycology (DGfM): Mushroom mapping 2000 online. Edited by Axel Schilling, Peter Dobbitsch. 2004, accessed July 24, 2012 .
- ↑ Paul Kathriner, Matthias Theiss: The wine red boletus Boletus rubrosanguineus . In: The Tintling . Issue 1/2015, No. 92 , 2015, ISSN 1430-595X , p. 54-56 .
Web links
- Boletus rubrosanguineus Walty ex Cheype. In: boletales.com . Retrieved July 23, 2012.