Omphalotaceae

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Omphalotaceae
Dark olive funnel, Omphalotus olearius

Dark olive funnel , Omphalotus olearius

Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Omphalotaceae
Scientific name
Omphalotaceae
Bresinsky

The Omphalotaceae are a family of the mushroom-like (Agaricales). The type species of the family is the dark olive tree funnel ( Omphalotus olearius ).

features

The type genus Omphalotus has fruiting bodies with Trichterlings- to Seitlingshabitus, so slats fungal fruiting bodies with wide run-down on a stick blades and relatively tough-elastic flesh. The tough, elastic meat is a common feature of all family members. The fruiting bodies of most species of the family show a turnip to swindling habit. In particular, thin-fleshed representatives of the genus Marasmiellus can superficially be confused with representatives of the genus of vertigo ( Marasmius ), which, however, belong to the family of vertigo relatives (Marasmiaceae).

Within the family of the Omphalotaceae there are also representatives with significantly reduced fruiting bodies, without or with only a very short, lateral stalk, up to laterally bowl-shaped fruiting bodies with a reticulate, lamellar fruit layer - as in Gymnopanella nothofagi . Pusillomyces manuripoides no longer has lamellae, but rather smooth, thin-fleshed, funnel-shaped fruiting bodies with a thin stalk, which are often generated directly on rigid rhizomorphs . With these rhizomorphs he bridges the gaps between individual, populated leaves on the living tree. Many fruiting bodies are sometimes formed on these rhizomorphs in the airspace. However, fruit bodies are also formed directly on the substrate ( necrotic areas of the infected leaves).

Some species have a strong smell of (sometimes putrid) cabbage , garlic , and leek . All representatives of the genus Garlic Schwindlinge ( Mycetinis ) show a leek to garlic odor, while in the genera Gymnopus s. st. , Marasmiellus and Paragymnopus the unpleasant putrid leek or cabbage odor occurs in some species.

The type genus Omphalotus and the representatives of the genus Lampteromyces show the phenomenon of bioluminescence .

Distribution and ecology

The family is spread around the world.

The representatives of the Omphalotaceae are mostly saprobionts on wood or in the litter, but with the genus of pink sprouts ( Rhodocollybia ) also ectomycorrhizal- forming species are known. Pusillomyces manuripoides colonizes living leaves as a parasite and triggers necrosis here . Eventually the dead material is broken down.

Systematics

The family is defined by genetic studies and currently contains 12 genera.

  • Family: Omphalotaceae
    • Genus Anthracophyllum (approx. 16 species, fruiting bodies like stump feet; type: Anthracophyllum beccarianum )
    • Genus Connopus (1 species, fruiting carrot-like ; type: Connopus acervatus )
    • Genus Gymnopanella (1 species, fruiting body bowl-shaped with reticulated hymenophore; type: Gymnopanella nothofagi and two other, as yet undescribed species)
    • Genus Blasssporüblinge , Gymnopus (species-rich, fruiting body like dizzy to turned-like; type: Gymnopus fusipes )
    • Genus Lampteromyces (3 species, fruiting body like a sidling; type: Lampteromyces japonicus )
    • Genus Lentinula (4 species, fruiting bodies thick, tough, with funnel-shaped habitus; type: Lentinula cubensis = Lentinula boryana )
    • Genus Marasmiellus (species-rich, fruiting body dizzy to turnip-like; type: Marasmiellus juniperinus )
    • Genus Mycetinis (13 species, fruiting bodies like vertigo; type: Mycetinis alliaceus )
    • Genus Omphalotus (12 species, fruiting bodies like tricherling to lateral; type: Omphalotus olearius )
    • Genus Paragymnopus (6 species, fruiting bodies like vertigo; type: Paragymnopus perforans )
    • Genus Pusillomyces (3 species, strongly reduced fruiting bodies, smooth underside, stalked funnel-shaped; type: Pusillomyces manuripioides )
    • Genus Rosasporrublinge , Rhodocollybia (more than 30 species, fruiting bodies like carrots, type: Rhodocollybia maculata )

Not yet described as a separate genus, but is provisionally named as clade / Clade Pallidocephalus (2–3 species, vertiginous; namesake is Marasmius pallidocephalus ).

Gallery of selected representatives of the family

meaning

The Shiitake is a very well known and appreciated, particularly in Asia edible mushroom. In addition, it contains numerous pharmaceutically interesting ingredients and is also used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a remedy or to preserve health.

The family of the Omphalotaceae contains only a few edible mushrooms in addition to the Shiitake, for example representatives of the genera of the pale sprouts ( Gymnopus ), the pink sprouts ( Rhodocollybia ) and the genus Mycetinis .

The representatives of the genera Omphalotus and Lampteromyces , but also in the other genera, e.g. B. in the pale rotblings, gastrointestinal poisonous species are known.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b P. Brandon Matheny, Judd M. Curtis, Valérie Hofstetter, M. Catherine Aime, Jean-Marc Moncalvo: Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview . In: Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 , November 2006, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 982-995 , doi : 10.1080 / 15572536.2006.11832627 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Jadson JS Oliveira, Ruby Vargas-Isla, Tiara S. Cabral, Doriane P. Rodrigues, Noemia K. Ishikawa: Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: Gymnopus s. str., Marasmiellus s. str., Paragymnopus gen. nov. and Pusillomyces gen. nov. In: Mycological Progress . tape 18 , no. 5 , May 2019, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 713-739 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-019-01483-5 .
  3. ↑ a b c Juan Lois Mata, Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen: An investigation of / omphalotaceae (Fungi: Euagarics) with emphasis on the genus Gymnopus . In: Sydowia . tape 20 , 2007, p. 191-289 .
  4. ↑ Omphalotus. Retrieved May 11, 2020 .
  5. ↑ a b Vladimír Antonín, Machiel E. Noordeloos: A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe . IHW-Verlag, Eching, Germany 2010, ISBN 978-3-930167-72-2 , p. 1-479 .
  6. ↑ a b c Ronald H. Petersen, Karen W. Hughes: An investigation on Mycetinis (Euagarics, Basidiomycota) . In: MycoKeys . tape 24 , June 13, 2017, ISSN  1314-4049 , p. 1-138 , doi : 10.3897 / mycokeys.24.12846 ( pensoft.net ).
  7. ↑ Dennis E. Desjardin, Anderson G. Oliveira, Cassius V. Stevani: Fungi bioluminescence revisited . In: Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences . tape 7 , no. 2 , 2008, ISSN  1474-905X , p. 170-182 , doi : 10.1039 / b713328f .
  8. ^ Joan Pera, Isabel F. Alvarez: Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Pinus pinaster . In: Mycorrhiza . tape 5 , no. 3 , February 1995, ISSN  0940-6360 , p. 193-200 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00203337 .
  9. ^ Piotr Mleczko: Rhodocollybia butyracea (forma butyracea) + Pinus sylvestris. In: Descr. Ectomyc. tape 7–8 , 2004, pp. 101-108 .
  10. ↑ Anthracophyllum. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Lampteromyces. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Lentinula. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  13. ^ Lentinus cubensis. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Omphalotus. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Rhodocollybia. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  16. ↑ PS Bisen, RK Baghel, BS Sanodiya, GS Thakur, GBKS Prasad: Lentinus edodes: A Macrofungus with Pharmacological Activities . In: Current Medicinal Chemistry . tape 17 , 2010, p. 2419-2430 .
  17. ↑ Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Xiaoming Yang, Rong Huang, Ting Zhou: Recent progress of research on medicinal mushrooms, foods, and other herbal products used in traditional Chinese medicine . In: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine . tape 2 , no. 2 , April 2012, ISSN  2225-4110 , p. 84-95 , PMID 24716120 , PMC 3942920 (free full text).
  18. ^ A b Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: The most important and most common mushrooms with special consideration of the poison mushrooms . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 5th, revised. Edition volume 1 . Fischer, Jena 1983, ISBN 3-437-30436-4 .
  19. ↑ Hans E. Laux, Andreas Gminder: The great cosmos mushroom guide: all edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 .
  20. ^ Andreas Bresinsky, Helmut Besl: Poison mushrooms with an introduction to the determination of mushrooms. a manual for pharmacists, doctors and biologists . Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-8047-0680-0 , p. 1-295 .
  21. ↑ H. Dörfelt: Symptoms of poisoning after consuming the curly-stemmed turnip - Collybia hariolorum (DC ex Fr.) Quél. In: Mykologisches Mitteilungsblatt . tape 14 , 1970, pp. 64-66 .