Pink Sprouts

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Pink Sprouts
Spotted Turnip (Rhodocollybia maculata)

Spotted Turnip ( Rhodocollybia maculata )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Omphalotaceae
Genre : Pink Sprouts
Scientific name
Rhodocollybia
Singer

The pink sprouts ( Rhodocollybia ) are a genus of fungus from the family of the Omphalotaceae .

The type species is the Spotted Rübling ( Rhodocollybia maculata ).

features

The fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a stem, the hat has lamellae on the underside ; the fruiting bodies are fleshy, resiliently tough and do not come back to life like swindles when they have dried out. Velum universale and Velum partiale are missing. The hat is either a little greasy, greasy or dry, smooth, ingrown radially fibrous or a little uneven. The lamellae are free or attached, in the latter case also with a slightly sloping tooth. The stem is fibrous. The freshly exported spore powder is cream-pink, yellow-pink to pale pink-brown, but never pure white.

The spores are subglobos, ellipsoidal to elongated, sometimes teardrop-shaped. They are cyanophilic and freshly exported inamyloid and not dextrinoid, but can ripen when they are moist and then show a thickened, dextrinoid wall. Cheilocystides occur in all species, but are mixed between the basidia of the lamellar edge and are therefore often inconspicuous and can be overlooked. The shape of the cheilocystid is variable, from simply cylindrical, fusiform, club-shaped to coralliid branched to irregularly shaped. Pleurocystids are absent. The hat skin is a cutis or ixocutis made of more or less cylindrical hyphae , which sometimes also show indicated coralloid outgrowths, but mostly only have a cylindrical shape. Buckles are numerous, but not equally common in all fruiting body areas.

The junction type is tetrapolar.

ecology

The pink sprouts live in the litter layer , but form an ectomycorrhiza with trees. This has been proven in the buttercup and by culturing and inoculating on Pinus pinaster in the spotted rumbling . Despite the evidence of ectomycorrhizae (including the typical formation of a Hartig's network ), the C and N isotope ratio and rapid growth on agar plates suggest a saprobe or at least optional saprobe / ectotrophic way of life.

species

The genus comprises around 20 species worldwide, of which 7 species (with varieties / forms 10 taxa) occur in Europe.

Pink sprouts ( Rhodocollybia ) in Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Butter or chestnut brown turnip Rhodocollybia butyracea (Bulliard 1792: Fries 1821) Lennox 1979
Filthy Rübling Rhodocollybia filamentosa (Velenovský 1920) Antonín 1986
Pierced or saw-bladed rubble Rhodocollybia fodiens (Kalchbrenner 1877) Antonín & Noordeloos 1997
Little Rübling Rhodocollybia giselae Neville & Antonín 1998
Rhodocollybia lentinoides (Peck) Halling 1997
Spotted Rübling Rhodocollybia maculata (Albertini & Schweinitz 1805: Fries 1821) Singer 1939
Notched ruff Rhodocollybia prolixa (Hornemann 1818: Fries 1821) Antonín & Noordeloos 1997

Systematics

The pink sprouts were previously classified as a section of a large genus of the sprouts ( Collybia ). The turnips in the narrow sense, called dwarfs (genus Collybia, s. Str.), Which macroscopically and as mycotrophic species also show little ecological resemblance to the strong representatives of the other former turnips, are part of the family of knight relatives and therefore not closer to the related to other vigorous youngsters, as proven by genetic studies. The carrots with strong fruiting bodies, which do not grow on mushrooms, belong together to the family of the Omphalotaceae , but are in turn polyphyletic , which is why they have now been divided into four monophyletic genera: Connopus , Marasmiellus , pale carrots ( Gymnopus ) and pink carrots ( Rhodocollybia ) .

use

The butter rot ( Rhodocollybia butyraceae ) is a well-known edible mushroom from the genus of the pink sprouts .

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Vladimír Antonín, Machiel Evert Noordeloos : A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in Europe . Part 2: Collybia, Gymnopus, Rhodocollybia, Crinipellis, Chaetocalathus, and additions to Marasmiellus. In: Libri Botanici . tape 17 . IHW, Eching 1997 (256 pages).
  2. ^ A b P. Brandon Matheny, Judd M. Curtis, Valérie Hofstetter, M. Catherine Aime, Jean-Marc Moncalvo: Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview . In: Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 , November 2006, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 982-995 , doi : 10.1080 / 15572536.2006.11832627 ( tandfonline.com [accessed April 10, 2020]).
  3. ↑ a b c Vladimír Antonín, Machiel E. Noordeloos: A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe . IHW-Verlag, Eching, Germany 2010, ISBN 978-3-930167-72-2 , p. 1-479 .
  4. ↑ a b Heinz Clemençon: Large mushrooms in the microscope . In: German Society for Mykology (Hrsg.): Supplements to the journal for mycology . tape 12 , 2012, p. 1-176 .
  5. ↑ Frieder Gröger: Identification key for leaf mushrooms and boletus in Europe, part 1. In: Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft von 1790 eV (Hrsg.): Regensburger Mykologische Schriften . tape 13 . Regensburg 2006, p. 1-638 .
  6. ^ Juan L. Mata, Roy E. Halling, Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen: Rhodocollybia in neotropical montane forests . In: Mycological Progress . tape 3 , no. 4 , November 2004, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 337-352 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-006-0104-x ( researchgate.net ).
  7. ^ Jürgen Guthmann, Christoph Hahn, Rainer Reichel: Pocket dictionary of mushrooms in Germany. A competent companion for the most important species . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01449-4 , p. 223, 225 .
  8. ^ Piotr Mleczko: Rhodocollybia butyracea (forma butyracea) + Pinus sylvestris . In: Descr. Ectomyc. tape 7–8 , 2004, pp. 101-108 .
  9. ^ Joan Pera, Isabel F. Alvarez: Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Pinus pinaster . In: Mycorrhiza . tape 5 , no. 3 , February 1995, ISSN  0940-6360 , p. 193-200 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00203337 ( springer.com [accessed April 10, 2020]).
  10. ↑ Leho Tedersoo, Tom W. May, Matthew E. Smith: Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages . In: Mycorrhiza . tape 20 , no. 4 , April 2010, ISSN  0940-6360 , p. 217–263 , doi : 10.1007 / s00572-009-0274-x ( springer.com [accessed April 10, 2020]).
  11. ^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th ed. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
  12. ↑ Andreas Gminder, German J. Krieglsteiner, Armin Kaiser: Stand mushrooms: agarics: I . In: German J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 .
  13. ↑ a b c d Jadson JS Oliveira, Ruby Vargas-Isla, Tiara S. Cabral, Doriane P. Rodrigues, Noemia K. Ishikawa: Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: Gymnopus s. str., Marasmiellus s. str., Paragymnopus gen. nov. and Pusillomyces gen. nov. In: Mycological Progress . tape 18 , no. 5 , May 2019, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 713-739 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-019-01483-5 .
  14. ^ Karen W. Hughes, David A. Mather, Ronald H. Petersen: A new genus to accommodate Gymnopus acervatus (Agaricales) . In: Mycologia . tape 102 , no. 6 , November 2010, ISSN  0027-5514 , p. 1463-1478 , doi : 10.3852 / 09-318 .
  15. ↑ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: The most important and most common mushrooms with special consideration of the poisonous mushrooms . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 5th, revised. Edition volume 1 . Fischer, Jena 1983, ISBN 3-437-30436-4 .

Web links

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