Spotted pink sprout

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Spotted pink sprout
Collybia maculata1.jpg

Spotted pink sprout ( Rhodocollybia maculata )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Omphalotaceae
Genre : Pink Sprout ( Rhodocollybia )
Type : Spotted pink sprout
Scientific name
Rhodocollybia maculata
( Alb. & Schwein  .: Fr. ) Singer

The spotted pink sprout or spotted sprout ( Rhodocollybia maculata , syn. Collybia maculata ) is an inedible species of fungus from the family of the Omphalotaceae and the type of the genus of the pink sprout. The fruiting bodies of the facultative mycorrhizal fungus appear in deciduous and coniferous forests between August and October . The mushroom is inedible because of its bitterness.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 3–8 (–15) ​​cm wide, hemispherical when young, later flat arched and sometimes flatly hunched to irregularly deformed. The smooth, matt and dry surface is initially whitish to creamy white and with age, especially towards the middle, is increasingly covered with rust-brown spots. The edge is thin and curved for a long time, with old fruiting bodies it is also bent wavy.

The thin, very crowded lamellae are whitish to cream-colored and attached to the stem in a rounded manner. Their cutting edges are serrated or notched.

The tough, old hollow, cylindrical stem is 5–10 (–15) ​​cm long and 1–2 cm thick. It is often twisted, pointed downwards and has light roots in the ground. The initially whitish surface is more or less longitudinally grooved and becomes increasingly rust-stained with age. The white flesh is thick and firm in the middle of the hat and tastes very bitter. The smell is described as strictly woody or spicy-aromatic. The spore powder is creamy pink to pale creamy ocher and inamyloid .

Microscopic features

The smooth, rounded oval spores are 5–6 µm long and 4–5 µm wide. They are colorless and often contain more or less large droplets inside.

Species delimitation

The spotted pink sprout can be recognized by its whitish to cream-colored hat, which is getting increasingly rusty brown spots, and the bitter taste. After prolonged rain, the mushroom can also taste almost mild and have a pleasantly fruity smell. Particularly light-colored specimens of the saw-leaved pink sprout ( Rhodocollybia fodiens ) can sometimes look very similar. This very rare, mild-tasting type of mushroom grows under spruce trees and is more reddish to yellowish-brown in color. It is possible that very old fruiting bodies can still be confused with the spindle rot ( Gymnopus fusipes ), which is usually much darker red-brown in color. It usually grows on dead oak or beech stumps and has a clearly spindle-shaped stem.

Lyophyllum flavobrunnescens can also look very similar macroscopically, which is why this species was previously described as a variety of the spotted carrot (as Rhodocollybia maculata var. Longispora) or as Rhodocollybia longispora . A good macroscopic distinguishing feature are the fruit bodies, which stain brown on pressure and show more yellow tones than the spotted Rübling. In case of doubt, the longer spurs can be checked as a safeguarding feature.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the spotted rose sprout.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
cream white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The fruiting bodies of the spotted pink sprout appear from August to November on more or less acidic soils. They usually grow gregariously and often in rings. This very common fungus is usually found in coniferous forests under spruce and pine trees, but it also occurs in deciduous forests. The formation of an ectomycorrhiza (including the typical Hartig network ) has been demonstrated in the case of the spotted carrion. The C and N isotope ratio, however, corresponds more to that of a saprobiont than a symbiont. However, since the symbiosis has been proven, it is a facultative mycorrhizal fungus. The fungus is widespread in Europe, and finds are known from Finland as far as the Arctic Circle.

Systematics

The form group of the turnips, i.e. of lamellar fungi without conspicuous velum structures, with light-colored spore powder and tough-elastic flesh, has proven to be polyphyletic, whereby many of the turnips are assigned to the family of the Omphalotaceae in the broader sense . But also within the family of the Omphalotaceae a separate taxon for mushrooms with turnip habit would be polyphyletic, which is why they are assigned to different genera here. Here, the assignment of the spotted carrion to the genus of the pink carrot is defined - as long as the genus is not used as a synonym of another genus - since it is the type species of the genus.

meaning

The mushroom is inedible because of its bitterness.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Juan Lois Mata, Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen: An investigation of / omphalotaceae (Fungi: Euagarics) with emphasis on the genus Gymnopus . In: Sydowia . tape 20 , 2007, p. 191-289 .
  2. ↑ a b c Jadson JS Oliveira, Ruby Vargas-Isla, Tiara S. Cabral, Doriane P. Rodrigues, Noemia K. Ishikawa: Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: Gymnopus s. str., Marasmiellus s. str., Paragymnopus gen. nov. and Pusillomyces gen. nov. In: Mycological Progress . tape 18 , no. 5 , May 2019, ISSN  1617-416X , p. 713-739 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-019-01483-5 .
  3. ↑ Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp.  178 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  4. ↑ a b c d e Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (=  spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 97 .
  5. ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 80 .
  6. ↑ a b c E. Ludwig, R. Dost: Lyophyllum flavobrunnescens E. Ludw. & R. Dost, nom. nov. First record in Germany . In: Mycologia Bavarica . tape 13 , 2011, p. 39-43 .
  7. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ]).
  8. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Rhodocollybia maculata. Retrieved November 13, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec, Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Rhodocollybia maculata. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013 ; Retrieved November 13, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  11. ^ Z. Athanassiou, I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ).
  12. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Leaf mushrooms I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 225.
  13. ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( protectedareas.mk ( memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on November 13, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.protectedareas.mk
  14. ↑ Rhodocollybia maculata. Pilzoek database, accessed November 13, 2013 .
  15. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Rhodocollybia maculata. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; accessed on November 13, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
  16. ^ Joan Pera, Isabel F. Alvarez: Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Pinus pinaster . In: Mycorrhiza . tape 5 , no. 3 , February 1995, ISSN  0940-6360 , p. 193-200 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00203337 ( springer.com [accessed June 4, 2020]).
  17. ↑ Leho Tedersoo, Tom W. May, Matthew E. Smith: Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages . In: Mycorrhiza . tape 20 , no. 4 , April 2010, ISSN  0940-6360 , p. 217-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s00572-009-0274-x .

Web links

Commons : Spotted pink sprout ( Rhodocollybia maculata )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Spotted pink sprout. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved September 18, 2013 (Italian, good photos of the spotted pink sprout).
  • M. Kuo: Rhodocollybia maculata. In: MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved September 18, 2013 .