Spindly Rübling
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Spindeliger Rübling ( Gymnopus fusipes ) |
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| Gymnopus fusipes | ||||||||||||
| ( Bull .: Fr. ) Gray |
The spindle-shaped turnip ( Gymnopus fusipes , syn. Collybia fusipes ) is a type of fungus from the family of the Omphalotaceae and the type of the genus of the pale turnip ( Gymnopus ). The happy brown hats and the paler colored, spindle-shaped stems are striking. The fruit bodies smell unpleasant and are inedible.
features
Macroscopic features
The Spindelige Rübling is a leaf agaric with a somewhat unpleasant, intrusive scent. The hat is colored flesh brown to dark reddish brown and fades with advancing age, it is not rubbed. It measures 3–6 (-8) cm in diameter. The lamellas are light, slightly flesh-colored and often spotty. They are relatively far away from each other and adhere to the stem in an ascending manner. The stem is colored like the hat, but usually a little lighter. It darkens with age. It is twisted downwards, tapered like a spindle and roots in the substrate . He also has tough meat.
Microscopic features
The spores are white and elongated in shape.
Species delimitation
Some of the main differences to similar species are the spindle-twisted stem base of the spindle-shaped carrot and its non-white lamellae that adhere to the stem and are spaced apart. A lighter, similar species is the rare pierced or saw-leaved turnip ( Rhodocollybia fodiens ) that occurs in coniferous forests, especially in the Black Forest . In contrast to the Spindeligen Rübling, the slats of the double are serrated on the underside. The rotary-handled turnip ( Rhodocollybia prolixa var. Distorta ) also occurs in coniferous forests and looks similar to the spindle-type turnip , although it is more delicate than it. Both the pierced and the twist-handled ruff are ground dwellers.
Ecology and phenology
The spindle-shaped Rübling always occurs in connection with wood, even if it seems to grow on the ground, the mycelium is on wood buried in the ground or extends to the higher main roots of its host tree. It mostly grows on oak stumps or on the feet of larger, healthy and living oaks.
The fruiting bodies are mostly to be found from July to October, after mild winters and with warm and humid early summers it can also be found from mid-June. Due to the fact that the stalk is quite tough and difficult to decompose, individual spindle-shaped carrots can be found for a long time, and under favorable climatic conditions some even survive deep into winter.
distribution
The distribution area of this mushroom extends over the whole of Europe , but it is absent to the north from central Sweden . The spindle rübling finds its habitats mainly in deciduous forests , especially in forests with beech and oak trees. This warmth-loving species can also be found occasionally in parks. In large exceptions, spindle-shaped turnips can also be found in coniferous forests.
meaning
Growing on the trunks and roots of living trees, the spindle ruff can cause white rot , which is why it is an unpopular forest pest that can already be blamed for the death of many trees . It is also responsible for major oak deaths in connection with other negative factors.
literature
- Erwald Gerhardt: BLV Identification Book: Pilze , BLV Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Edition 3, ISBN 3-405-13401-3
- A. Gminder and T. Böhning: Which mushroom is that? , Franckh-Kosmos-Verlags-GmbH and Co. KG, ISBN 3-440-10797-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jadson JS Oliveira, Ruby Vargas-Isla, Tiara S. Cabral, Doriane P. Rodrigues, Noemia K. Ishikawa: Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: Gymnopus s. str., Marasmiellus s. str., Paragymnopus gen. nov. and Pusillomyces gen. nov. In: Mycological Progress . tape 18 , no. 5 , May 2019, ISSN 1617-416X , p. 713-739 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-019-01483-5 .
- ↑ Gymnopus. Retrieved May 11, 2020 .