What is in-possibility

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That which is in-possibility is a social-philosophical category of Ernst Bloch . It denotes the substrate of matter , which, due to its lack of compensation, enables a (dialectical) process.

The term in-possibility-being ( dynámei ón ) adopted by Aristotle is to be differentiated from what is after-possible-being , to be considered according to what is possible ( katà tò dynatón ).

Matter as process matter

According to Bloch, the interpreters of the Aristotelian conception of matter split into a political Aristotelian left and an Aristotelian right. The Aristotelian left (represented by the Aristotelian Arabic / Persian philosophy in the Middle Ages and by Giordano Bruno ) emphasized the primacy of matter over form - especially the self-creation of matter. The Aristotelian right (mainly represented by Christian theology in the Middle Ages) always emphasized the primacy of form and spirit over matter, which was merely passive. Bloch also sees Marxism and himself in the tradition of the Aristotelian left.

Bloch is referring to Aristotle when he says that nature, matter, is such that possibility (dynamis) precedes reality (energeia). Bloch defines matter as a possibility:

“Matter is to be defined as follows: According to the implied meaning of the Aristotelian definition of matter, it is both what is after-possible (kata to dynaton), that is, what determines the historical-materialistically what is historically-materialistically possible the in-possibility-being (dynamei on), that is, the correlate of the objectively-real-possible or purely being: the possibility-substrate of the dialectical process. "

According to Bloch, matter is always process matter that pushes "forward" and carries a "not yet " within it. In addition to what is after-possible there is also something in-possibility in matter, which already appears and which contributes to the realization of concrete utopias .

Possibility as a category

Bloch works in the foundation of the principle of hope four layers of Category possibility out:

  1. the formally possible - that which does not contradict logic (formally permissible),
  2. the factually-objectively possible - that which is possible according to the theory of knowledge (objectively presumable),
  3. the factually-object- related possible - that which is object-theoretically possible (object- related open),
  4. the objectively real possible - that which has latency and tendency in the matter (corresponding to the process matter ).

The "factually-object-related possible" (3) can only become real through the interlocking of active potency ( ability ) and passive potentiality (enabling), the definition of matter in its partial conditionalities takes place here as what is after-possible. This corresponds to the social analysis , which calculates the possibilities and which Bloch calls the "cold red of Marxism " or the cold flow .

The "objectively real possible" (4), however, cannot be inferred by cold analysis alone, because it is based on the substrate of the process material itself, i.e. on its latencies, which we are not yet aware of, as well as tendencies towards a better world. This process matter, defined as that which is in-possibility, has its correlate in the utopian consciousness, the "warm red", which Bloch also calls the flow of heat . Only the interaction of cold and heat flow enables Advanced training of society.

In his late work Experimentum Mundi , Bloch counts the categories of possibility among the categories of transmission .

literature

  • Ernst Bloch: Inheritance from this time , Zurich, 1935.
  • Ernst Bloch: Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left , Leipzig, 1949.
  • Ernst Bloch: The principle of hope , 3 vols., 1954–1959 ( ISBN 3-518-28154-2 ).
  • Ernst Bloch: Tübingen Introduction to Philosophy , Suhrkamp-Verlag, 1963 ( ISBN 3518100114 ).
  • Ernst Bloch: The problem of materialism, its history and substance , Suhrkamp-Verlag, 1972 ( ISBN 3518281569 ).
  • Ernst Bloch: Experimentum Mundi. Question, categories of publishing , practice , Suhrkamp-Verlag, 1975 ( ISBN 351828164X ).

Web links

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  1. ↑ Ernst Bloch: Tübingen Introduction to Philosophy , p. 233.
  2. ↑ Transmission categories