Indian party

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The Indian Partij (IP; also: Indies Party , Partai Hindia ) was a short-lived but influential political organization in 1912 by the Indo-European (Eurasian) Journalist E.FE Douwes Dekker and Javanese physicians Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo and Soewardi Soerjaningrat was founded and only existed until 1913. As one of the first political organizations to campaign for Indonesian nationalism in the colonial Dutch East Indies , it inspired several later organizations such as the " Nationaal Indian Party " (NIP) or " Sarekat Hindia " (1919) and " Indo Europeesch Verbond " ( IEV). The direct successor party was " Insulinde ".

“Revolutionary action enables people to achieve their goals quickly. That is certainly not immoral [...] The Indian party can certainly be called revolutionary. Such a designation does not frighten us [...] "

Despite its short existence, the party gathered more than 7,000 members and as the first multi-racial political party to make the radical demand for independence at the time, it shows how urgent the will for independence was at that time. The aim of the party was to unite all indigenous peoples of the Indies in the struggle for an independent state (nation). When the IP was banned and the party leaders were exiled, members of the IP founded the Insulinde , which was just as radical.

1912 foundation

Under the slogan "Indie voor Indiers" membership was made possible for Indo-Europeans, Dutch Permanent Settlers, Indo-Chinese and all indigenous peoples. Inspired by the leading role that Eurasian Ilustrados had played in the struggle for independence in the Philippines , the IP dreamed of a comparable role for the Indo-Eurasians in the Indies. More than 5,000 of its 7,000 members were Indos.

"The colored Indo, who was turned away by his white father, is the ideal trailblazer for the final liberation of his native relatives."

Dekker, however, also warned the Indo community not to continue the racist behaviors that the colonial system had taught them.

EFE Douwes Dekker

“Colonial politics and colonial morality are corrupted. This is the grievance against which the Indian Party is fighting in its fight against racial superiority and racial discrimination [...] That will give the last push to bring down the tree of racial discrimination [...] But if Indos of mixed blood complain of racial superiority, they must be careful not to become guilty of the same sin themselves with respect to the indigenous peoples. They have to realize that artificially introduced ideas that represent the ruling classes in no way give the right to look down on the class of the (native) Indians, with whom they are connected by indestructible chains. "

In 1912, the abolition of the Batavia School for Civil Servants and the ban on establishing a medical school for Indo-Europeans and Indo-Chinese led to strong dissatisfaction in the groups concerned and the membership of the IP skyrocketed. Within a month, the party newspaper gained 1,000 paid subscribers. Fearing that an edition in Malay could also be introduced and that a collaboration with ' Sarekat Islam ' could begin, the colonial authorities rushed to ban the IP.

Prohibition in 1913

When party founder Tjipto became chairman of the 'Bumi Putra' committee in July 1913 and published the famous ironic pamphlet "Als Ik Een Nederlander Was" (If I had been a Dutchman) by his co-founder Soewardi, all 3 founders of the IP were brought to justice .

As they fought explicitly and fiercely against widespread racial discrimination of the colonial elite from former Dutch people and sought complete independence from the Netherlands , the colonial government hastened to brand the organization as subversive and banned the party just one year after its founding.

Exactly one year after the founding of the IP, all three founders were exiled to the Netherlands. They were allowed to remain politically active and ultimately returned to the Dutch East Indies. Tjipto first became the political mentor of the future President Sukarno and died in 1943 after internment in the Banda Islands . After the declaration of independence from Indonesia in 1945, Douwes Dekker was renamed "Danoedirdja Setiaboeddhi", Minister of State in the cabinet of Prime Minister Sutan Syahrir . Soewardi became Indonesian Minister of Education in 1949 under the new name "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" (changed in 1922).

aftermath

From 1994 to 2006 there was a party called 'Vrije Indian Party' (VIP) in the Netherlands. It was composed primarily of members who belonged to the first generation of Indian Nederlanders (Indo) and Dutch repatriates from the former Dutch East India, and fought for the rights of their target group, especially for support for the elderly and reparation for damages that were created during the war and in the Bersiap period.

literature

  • Hans Meijer: Worded in India. The 20th eeuw. Publisher Bert Bakker, Amsterdam 2004: 22-25. ISBN 90-351-2617-3
  • Ulbe Postma: Karel Zaalberg, journalist en strijder voor de Indo. Publisher KITLV, Leiden 1997.
  • Wim Willems: Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942). COMT, Leiden 1994: 53-70. ISBN 90-71042-44-8

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wim Willems: "Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942)" Part II, Nomes, JM "De Indische Partij". COMT, Leiden, 1994: 55. ISBN 90-71042-44-8
  2. ↑ "Revolutionary action Enables people to achieve Their objectives quickly. Surely this is not immoral [...] The Indian Party can safely be called revolutionary. Such a word does not frighten us [...] “Douwes Dekker In: Chr. LM Pender (ed. And translator): Indonesia: Selected documents on colonialism and nationalism, 1830-1942. University of Queensland Press 1977: 228-232. ISBN 0-7022-1029-3 ; ISBN 978-0-7022-1029-7 [1] .
  3. ^ Wim Willems: Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942). , Part II, In: JM Nomes: “De Indische Partij” COMT, Leiden 1994: 55-56. ISBN 90-71042-44-8
  4. ↑ Wim Willems: "Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942)" , Part II, In: JM Nomes: "De Indische Partij" COMT, Leiden 1994: 62. ISBN 90-71042-44-8
  5. ↑ "The colored [Indo] rejected by his white father, is the ideal foreman in the final liberation of his indigenous relatives." Douwes Dekker
  6. ↑ [...] colonial policy and its colonial morality are rotten. This is of course what the Indian Party aims at in its struggle against racial superiority and racial discrimination [...] It will give the final push to make the tree of racial discrimination crash to earth [...] But when Indos of mixed blood complain about this racial superiority they must take care not to become guilty themselves of the same sin with respect to the indigenous natives. They must realize that artificially inculcated ideas of belonging to the ruling classes do by no means give them the right to look down on a class of (indigenous) Indiers with whom they are bound together with unbreakable chains [...] Douwes Dekker in: Chr. LM Pender: Indonesia: Selected documents on colonialism and nationalism, 1830-1942. University of Queensland Press 1977: 228-232. ISBN 0-7022-1029-3 ; ISBN 978-0-7022-1029-7 . [2]
  7. ↑ Wim Willems: "Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942)", Part II, Nomes, JM "De Indische Partij". COMT, Leiden, 1994: 57. ISBN 90-71042-44-8
  8. ↑ Wim Willems: "Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942)", Part II, Nomes, JM "De Indische Partij". COMT, Leiden, 1994: 62. ISBN 90-71042-44-8
  9. ↑ Wim Willems: "Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942)", Part II, Nomes, JM "De Indische Partij". COMT, Leiden, 1994: 63. ISBN 90-71042-44-8
  10. ^ Party profile on the homepage of the Montesquieu Institute.
  11. ↑ VIP profile on the official homepage of Parliament.
  12. ^ Party program 1994.