Institutional land state
An institutional land state is a medieval or (early) modern state that has a contiguous territory and public institutions. The political order within an institutional territorial state is primarily defined by the contiguous territory (see also territorial state ).
The term was developed by the Austrian historian Theodor Mayer and is to be seen in contrast to the person association state .
The term caught on in research in the 1950s. It is a deliberate anachronism , since the term state contained therein can be traced for the first time in the Italian literature of the 15th century. Because of this limitation, the distinction has between a legal preservation States (including the institutional territorial state counts) designated medieval rule associations and the (modern) law states emerged.
Origin of the term
The term was developed by Theodor Mayer in the 1930s to define a form of government from the Middle Ages. It should be noted that this is not to be regarded as a development stage based on its term partner, the person association state , but as an independent designation for forms of government that can go back to the Franconian era. Rather, both forms can exist simultaneously (simultaneity of the non-simultaneous ). Mayer sees a transition from the aristocratic, decentralized to the centralized feudal union state to the modern, institutional or institutional sovereign state. In terms of research history, the conceptual pair of persons union state / institutional area state was preceded by the distinction between the cooperative and the ruling principle. According to Otto von Gierke, there is always an opposition and coexistence of these principles in a state. Both approaches, however, see the co-operative principle or in the person union state a lower level of development compared to the lordly or institutional principle of the state constitution .
Examples
Today most of the world's states are institutional territorial states . A country that has been counted among the institutional territorial states since the early Middle Ages is England . It was ruled by a ruler who held all state power. Parliamentarism and bureaucratization are considered - with exemplary training in England - as consequences of the formation of an institutionalization in the state , which at the same time also constitute it. Germany did not complete the development of this form of government until the late 19th century, in connection with the establishment of the second German Empire .
literature
- Theodor Mayer: The formation of the foundations of the modern German state in the high Middle Ages. In: Historical magazine . Volume 159, 1939, pp. 457-487.
- Ernst Schubert: Princely rule and territory in the late Middle Ages. Volume 35, 2006, p. 57 ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ See the Lemma State in K. Fuchs, H. Raab: Dictionary history. 12th edition. Munich 2001, p. 762f. See also E. Isenmann: Staat, A. Westen. In: LexMA VII. Sp. 2151-2155, here: Sp. 2152.
- ^ E. Isenmann: State, A. West. In: LexMA VII. Sp. 2151-2155, here: Sp. 2153.
- ↑ Th. Mayer: The formation of the foundations of the modern German state in the high Middle Ages. In: H. Kämpf: Rule and State in the Middle Ages. Reprint of the article from the HZ from 1939, p. 293f; See also E. Isenmann: Staat, A. Westen. In: LexMA VII. Sp. 2151-2155, here: Sp. 2153.