International Ocean Discovery Program

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The International Ocean Discovery Program ( IODP ) is an international marine research collaboration that aims to advance scientific understanding of the earth through drilling, core drilling and monitoring of the ocean floor. Research enabled by IODP samples and data improves scientific understanding of changing climatic and ocean conditions, the origins of ancient life, the risks posed by geohazards, and the structure and processes of the tectonic plates and the uppermost mantle of the earth. IODP began in 2013 and builds on research from four previous marine scientific drilling programs : Project Mohole , Deep Sea Drilling Project , Ocean Drilling Program and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program . Together, these programs represent the longest running and most successful international collaboration in earth science.

Scientific scope

The scientific scope of IODP is set out in the program's science plan, Illuminating Earth's Past, Present, and Future . The science plan spans a ten-year period and consists of a list of scientific challenges divided into four thematic areas: climate and ocean change, biosphere boundaries, earth connections and earth in motion. The science plan was developed by the international scientific community to identify the science of highest priority for the program.

Finance and Operations

IODP uses multiple drilling platforms ( JOIDES Resolution , Chikyū and mission-specific platforms) to access various underground environments during research expeditions. These facilities are supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the Japanese Department of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the European Consortium for Ocean Exploration Drilling (ECORD), together with the Department of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST), the Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), the Australian-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC), the Indian Ministry of Geosciences (MoES) and Brazil's Coordination for University Staff Improvement (CAPES). Together, these units represent a coalition of over two dozen countries. The IODP funding model differs from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program in that NSF, MEXT and ECORD each manage their own drilling platform. International partners contribute directly to the operating costs of the drilling platforms in exchange for scientific participation in the expeditions and seats in the advisory boards.

IODP expeditions are based on research proposals from scientists addressing the objectives outlined in the program's science plan. Advisory panels of international experts then rigorously evaluate the proposal for scientific quality, feasibility, safety and all environmental issues. Proposals that are found to be of high quality are forwarded to the relevant Facility Board (JOIDES Resolution Facility Board, Chikyu IODP Board and ECORD Facility Board) for planning.

The IODP core store in MARUM in Bremen

IODP publishes a detailed presentation of the results and makes all samples and cores freely available. IODP's Open Data Policy ensures global access to the information gathered by the program and enables scientists to use data from multiple expeditions to investigate new hypotheses.

The cores collected during the expeditions are stored in the IODP core repositories in Bremen (IODP Bremen Core Repository), College Station, Texas (IODP Gulf Coast Repository) and Kochi, Japan (Kochi Core Center). Scientists can visit one of the facilities for on-site research or apply for a teaching / analysis loan. The archived cores include not only IODP samples, but also those obtained through the Deep Sea Drilling Project, the Ocean Drilling Program, and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program.

Results

IODP expeditions have studied a wide range of geoscientific topics, including past climate and ocean conditions, monsoon systems, seismogenic zones, the formation of continental crust and ocean basins, major extinction events , the role of serpentinization in powering hydrothermal systems, and the temperature limits of the Life in the deep biosphere.

An early outcome of the program goes back to the original motivation for scientific ocean drilling with Project Mohole - drilling and sampling across the Mohorovičić (Moho) discontinuity and into the upper part of the mantle. Expedition 360 was the first part of a multi-phase project whose aim, among other things, is to sample the coat directly for the first time. The expedition took place near the Southwest Indian Ridge in a place where the crust is particularly thin due to the formation of an oceanic core complex. Expedition 360 completed 790 meters of drilling and IODP plans to return to the site in the coming years to continue research.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ National Research Council: Scientific Ocean Drilling: Accomplishments and Challenges , doi : 10.17226 / 13232 .
  2. ^ Discovering our oceans: A new era of ocean research drilling has dawned .
  3. ↑ Earth and Life Processes Discovered from Subseafloor Environments: A Decade of Science Achieved by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) ( en ). Elsevier, December 3, 2014, ISBN 9780444626110 .
  4. ↑ Drilling hit by budget woes .
  5. ↑ Science Plan for 2013-2023 - IODP . Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 7, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iodp.org
  6. ↑ 新 十年 科学 大洋 钻探 —— 照亮 地球 的 过去 、 现在 和 未来 ( Chinese ) doi : 10.3969 / j.issn.0253-9608.2015.04.001 . Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 7, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nature.shu.edu.cn
  7. ^ Ocean Drilling | NSF - National Science Foundation .
  8. ^ Scientists Set Course for Next Decade of Scientific Ocean Drilling | Ocean Leadership ( en-US )
  9. ↑ Scientific Ocean Drilling Charts a New Course - Eos ( en-US )
  10. ↑ International Ocean Drilling to Follow Simpler Structure .
  11. ^ Principles of Scientific Investigation - IODP .
  12. ^ Repositories - IODP . Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 7, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / iodp.org
  13. ^ CJ MacLeod, HJ Dick, P. Blum: The Nature of the Intrusive Crust and Moho at Slower Spreading Ridges: SloMo Leg 1 (IODP Expedition 360) . In: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts . 23, February 1, 2016.
  14. ↑ Sid Perkins: A Decades-Long Quest to Drill Into Earth's Mantle May Soon Hit Pay Dirt (en) . In: Smithsonian .