Integrated organizational and technical development

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The concept of integrated organizational and technical development (OTE) was introduced in several practical projects in the first half of the 1990s as a methodological framework for developing groupware systems and introducing them into organizations. OTE is based on the knowledge that the design of information and communication technologies (ICT), the development of organizations and the change in human working practices are inextricably linked. OTE is used in socio-informatics .

definition

OTE integrates cyclical process models from work psychology , software engineering and organizational development around a uniform frame of reference for the analysis, design, introduction, adaptation and appropriation of networked ICT cooperation systems in organizations and the associated development of the whole, from personnel, organizational and technological Aspects of the existing work system.

As an integrative concept, OTE wants the holistic development / change of a work system, including organizational developments, personnel development and qualification measures and technical design, introduction and adaptation. The particular challenge in complex ICT implementation projects is to take into account the interactions between technology, organizational and personnel development. The OTE approach draws on three central principles in particular:

  • an action research approach that combines scientific analysis with direct influence and intervention,
  • the consistent participation of those affected (technology users, employees, organization members, employees, etc.) in all process phases and
  • a periodically repeating, cyclical procedure, which also takes into account requirements and adjustments necessary in the course of the process.

An example: IranNGO-CS - Community system of Iranian non-governmental organizations

The research and development project of the International Institute for Socio-Informatics (IISI) aimed at networking and "community building" of non-governmental organizations (NGO) in Iran. From 2000 to 2002 the IISI provided the groupware BSCW ( Basic Support for Cooperative Work ) developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology (FIT ) for the networking process of Iranian NGOs on behalf of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung . The project was based on the concept of Integrated Organization and Technology Development (OTE) and aimed not only at the introduction of technology, but also at measures: telecommunications and cooperation, virtual communities, organizational learning and knowledge management, preparation of national conferences, sustainable network development and process evaluation.

Origin and development

OTE originally combines concepts and methods of organizational development , the software engineering approach STEPS and the psychological theory of action regulation. What these approaches have in common is a cyclical understanding of analysis, intervention and evaluation phases.

The conceptual integration propagated by OTE arose from the realization that the design of - often complex - information and communication technologies (ICT), the development of organizations and the change in human work practices are inextricably linked. The introduction of technology changes work processes, qualification requirements and organizational structures. Changed work processes, qualifications and organizational structures in turn change the framework conditions and requirements for technical support. Traditional, engineering-oriented technology development and classic management approaches such as business-oriented business process re-engineering (BPR) measures only insufficiently take these interactions into account.

In addition to the orientation towards action research, which allows a cyclical and interventionist approach in research and development (R&D), the drafts of the socio-technical systems and the participatory design made it possible for the conception of OTE to combine technical, organizational and personal development processes to think and to put the needs of people as users of ICT, organization members and workers at the center of socio-informatics research and development.

In the course of many years of use in various research and development projects, the original OTE concept was further developed and with regard to new forms of organization such as virtual organizations or networks, civil society organizations and also to new application contexts, i.e. H. expanded from the original field of work context to the areas of education, political engagement, etc.

Today, OTE provides the only systematic framework for the integration of people, organization and technology in socio-technical development processes, after similarly motivated concepts such as MUST were no longer systematically developed.

literature

  • Kensing, FJ Simonsen and K. Bødker 1998: MUST - a Method for Participatory Design. In Human-Computer Interaction, vol 13, no 2.
  • Lewin, Kurt 1946: Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2, 34-46.
  • Rohde, Markus (2007): Integrated Organization and Technology Development (OTD) and the Impact of Socio-Cultural Concepts - A CSCW Perspective. Datalogiske skrifter, University of Roskilde
  • Bødker, K .; Kensing, F .; Simonsen, J. 2005: Participatory IT Design. Designing for Business and Workplace Realities. Boston: MIT Press
  • Greenbaum, Joan and Kyng, Morten 1991: Design at Work. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  • Mumford, E. (1987). Sociotechnical Systems Design: Evolving Theory and Practice. In G. Bjerknes, et al. (Eds.), Computers and Democracy (pp. 59–76)
  • Hacker, W. 1986: Industrial Psychology. Psychological regulation of work activities. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin
  • French, WL; Bell, CH 1973: Organization Development, Englewood Cliffs
  • Floyd, Ch., Reisin, F.-M., Schmidt, G. 1989: STEPS to software development with users. In: Ghezzi, C .; McDermid, JA (eds.): ESEC'89 - 2nd European Software Engineering Conference, University of Warwick, Coventry. Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 387, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 48-64
  • Rohde, Markus 2003: Building an e-Community of Iranian NGOs. Proceedings of IADIS International Conference e-Society (International Association for Development of the Information Society), Lisbon, Portugal, June 03-06, 2003, 187-194.
  • Rohde, Markus; Wulf, Volker 1995: Introducing a Telecooperative CAD-System - The Concept of Integrated Organization and Technology Development. Workshop Computer Supported Cooperation in Product Design, In: Proceedings of the HCI International '95, 6th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Yokohama, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 787-792.
  • Wulf, Volker; Rohde Markus (1995a): Towards an Integrated Organization and Technology Development. In: Olson, Gary M .; Shuon, Sue (eds.): Conference Proceedings DIS '95, Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, and Techniques. Association of Computing Machinery, acm-publications, New York, 55-65.
  • Wulf, Volker; Rohde, Markus (1995b): Integrated Organization and Technology Development - an Approach to Manage Change. In: Brandt, D .: Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems based on Human Skills, 135-140.
  • Stiemerling, Oliver; Wulf, Volker; Rohde, Markus (1998): Integrated Organization and Technology Development - The Case of the OrgTech-Project. In: Proceedings of Concurrent Engineering (CE 98), July, 13-15, Tokyo, 181-187.
  • Rohde, Markus (2004): Find what binds. Building social capital in an Iranian NGO community system. In: Huysman, M., Wulf, V. (eds.) 2004: Social Capital and Information Technology, Cambridge: MIT Press, 75–112.
  • Rohde, Markus; Reinecke, Leonard; Pape, Bernd; Janneck, Monique (2004): Community-building with Web-Based Systems - Investigating a Hybrid Community of Students, In: International Journal on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (JCSCW), 13, 471-499.
  • Rohde, Markus; Klamma, Ralf; Jarke, Matthias; Wulf, Volker (2007): The Reality is our Lab: Communities of Practice in Applied Computer Science. In: International Journal on Behavior & Information Technology, forthcoming.
  • Volker Wulf; Matthias Krings; Oliver Stiemerling; Giulio Iacucci; Paul Fuchs Frohnhofen; Joachim Hinrichs; Martin Maidhof; Bernhard Nett; Ralph Peters: Improving Inter-Organizational Processes with Integrated Organization and Technology Development, in: Journal of Universal Computer Science, Vol. 5, No. 6, 1999, 339-365
  • Rohde, Markus (2003): Supporting an electronic “Community of Practice” of Iranian civil society organizations, in: IADIS International Journal on WWW / Internet, Volume 1, No. 2, 91-106.
  • Rohde, Markus (2003): An Iranian NGO community is emerging. Research journal New Social Movements, Volume 16, Issue 1, Stuttgart, Lucius & Lucius, 119–122.
  • Rohde, Markus (2004): Find what binds. Building social capital in an Iranian NGO community system. In: Huysman, M., Wulf, V. (eds.) 2004: Social Capital and Information Technology, Cambridge: MIT Press, 75–112.
  • Rohde, Markus (2003c): Building an e-Community of Iranian NGOs. Proceedings of IADIS International Conference e-Society (International Association for Development of the Information Society), Lisbon, Portugal, June 03-06, 2003, 187-194.
  • Stiemerling, Oliver; Wulf, Volker; Rohde, Markus (1998): Integrated Organization and Technology Development - The Case of the OrgTech-Project. In: Proceedings of Concurrent Engineering (CE 98), July, 13-15, Tokyo, 181-187.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rohde / Wulf 1995, Wulf / Rohde 1995a and 1995b, Stiemerling et al. 1998
  2. ^ Lewin 1946
  3. ↑ Rohde 2003a and 2003b
  4. ↑ Rohde 2003c
  5. ↑ Rohde 2003c and 2004
  6. ^ French / Bell 1973
  7. ↑ Floyd et al. 1989
  8. ↑ Hacker 1986
  9. ^ Mumford 1987
  10. ↑ Greenbaum / Kyng 1991, Bodker et al. 2005
  11. ^ Rohde 2003, Rohde 2004, Rohde et al. 2004, Rohde 2007, Rohde et al. 2007
  12. ↑ Kensing et al. 1998