Intensive (grammar)

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The intensive [um] ( Latin verbum intensum ; from Latin intendere "to tense up", "to direct the attention to something") is the type of action of a verb that expresses a more violent, stronger course of the action compared to the basic form . The opposite is the diminutive .

Latin

Verba intensiva are u. a. found in Latin . There they can be recognized by the suffix -itare (German: -itieren ) and indicate a repeated or violent action.

Examples from Latin:

  • dictare "dictate" to dicere "say"
  • visitare "visit, visit" to videre "see"

German

In German, intensive education is sometimes characterized by an expressive sharpening of consonants.

Examples from German (basic form → intensive):

  • ache → groan
  • bend → stoop
  • to flee → to flee
  • slide → slide
  • lift → jump
  • hear → listen
  • guard → protect
  • incline → nod
  • plague → placken
  • tug → pluck
  • reach → stretch up
  • wrestle → dislocate
  • create → create
  • bang → scold
  • beat → slaughter
  • slept → hatch
  • swallow → sob
  • snort → sniff
  • cut → carve
  • to weld → sweat
  • see → search
  • step → trot
  • unite → unite
  • (keep) → warn
  • due to → wiggle
  • (moving) due to → awaken
  • pull → toss
  • pull → pull
  • pull → twitch
  • pull → pluck

Russian

The Russian language also knows the intensive, for example in Russian толкать (tolkat ') "to push", толкнуть (tolknut') "to push", толкануть (tolkanut ') to "bump into".

Sanskrit

In Sanskrit , the intensive goes hand in hand with the frequent , meaning a particularly intensive and also constantly repeated activity. In verbs of movement it means something like "to and fro". The intensive is formed by a special reduplication and the suffix ya with medial inflection for thematic stems, otherwise without suffix and active inflection in athematic stems. For example, bhramati (“he wanders around”) becomes baṃ-bhram-ya-te (“he wanders all over the place ”).

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