International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ( ICES , German International Council for Marine Research ) was founded on July 22nd, 1902 in Copenhagen by eight European countries: Denmark , Finland , Germany , the Netherlands , Norway , Sweden , Russia and Great Britain . The first president of the council was the German Walther Herwig from 1902–1908 .
Today ICES has 20 member states. After the eight founding states, these are Belgium, Canada, Estonia, France, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain and the USA. In addition, six countries have observer status: Australia, Chile, Greece, New Zealand, Peru and South Africa. The aim of ICES in the early years was the scientific work on all practical problems of fishing . Today 110 fish species are scientifically monitored and their population development is researched. In addition, the council should serve as an interdisciplinary forum for all questions of marine research .
job
Over time, ICES has developed into a modern, intergovernmental organization that is primarily concerned with marine research in the North Atlantic and the North and Baltic Seas. 2006–2012, Gerd Hubold, a German marine and fisheries biologist, was Secretary General, 2015–2018, Cornelius Hammer was the fourth German President of ICES. Today the organization coordinates more than 100 ICES Expert Groups at various scientific institutions, which cover almost all aspects of marine ecosystems.
List of presidents
- Walther Herwig , Germany (1902–1908)
- WE Archer, Great Britain (1908-1912)
- F. Rose, Germany (1912–1915)
- Otto Pettersson, Sweden (1915–1920)
- Henry G. Maurice, Great Britain (1920–1938)
- Johan Hjort , Norway (1938–1948)
- KA Andersson, Sweden (1948–1952)
- ATA Dobson, Great Britain (1952–1955)
- Harald Ulrik Sverdrup , Norway (1955–1957)
- Å. Vedel Tåning, Denmark (1957–1958)
- J. Furnestin, France (1958–1963)
- J. Hult, Sweden (1963–1966)
- AEJ Went, Ireland (1966–1969)
- W. Cieglewicz, Poland (1969–1972)
- R. Letaconnoux, France (1972–1975)
- Georgi Wassiljewitsch Nikolski , USSR (1975–1976)
- BB Parrish, Great Britain (1976–1979)
- Gotthilf Hempel , FRG (1979–1982)
- WS Wooster, USA (1982–1985)
- OJ Østvedt, Norway (1985–1988)
- Jakob Jakobsson, Iceland (1988–1991)
- D. de G. Griffith, Ireland (1991-1994)
- A. Maucorps, France (1994–1997)
- L. Scott Parsons, Canada (1997-2000)
- Pentti Mälkki, Finland (2000-2003)
- MP Sissenwine, USA (2003-2006)
- Joe Horwood, Great Britain (2006–2009)
- Michael Sinclair, Canada (2009–2012)
- Paul Connolly, Ireland (2012-2015)
- Cornelius Hammer, Germany (2015-2018)
- Friedrich W. Köster, Denmark (2018–)
List of General Secretaries
- PPC Hoek, Netherlands (1902–1908)
- CF Drechsel, Denmark (1908–1927)
- K. Schøning, Denmark (1927–1932)
- Wilhelm Nellemose , Denmark (1932–1944)
- E. Brønniche, Denmark (1944–1945)
- H. Blegvad, Denmark (1945–1950)
- P. Jespersen, Denmark (1950–1952)
- V. Dessau, Denmark (1952–1953)
- Á. Fridriksson, Iceland (1954–1964)
- H. Tambs – Lyche, Norway (1964–1983)
- BB Parrish, Great Britain (1983–1989)
- ED Anderson, USA (1989-1993)
- CCE Hopkins, Norway (1994–1999)
- D. de G. Griffith, Ireland (2000-2006)
- Gerd Hubold , Germany (2006–2012)
- Anne Christine Brusendorff, Denmark (2012–)
credentials
- Helen M. Rozwadowski: The Sea Knows No Boundaries. A Century of Marine Science under ICES , University of Washington Press, 2002. ISBN 0-295-98259-4
- AEJ Went: Seventy years agrowing. A History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1972