Isabats
The Isabaten ( Tamascheq I-Sabat-ăn , I-səbət-ən , singular e-Sabat , e-səbət ) were an ancient people in the Sahara in North Africa . The Isabats are first mentioned in a victory report by the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses III. (around 1184–1152 BC) mentioned as 3 (m?) - s3-b3-t3 . They had previously invaded Egypt together with other Libyan tribes, but were defeated by Ramses. Under the names Ἀσβύσται Asbystai ( Herodotus ), Ἀσβῦται Asbytai / Ἀσβῆται Asbetai ( Claudius Ptolemy ) and Hasbitae ( Pliny the Elder ) they were then mentioned by various ancient authors and localized in Cyrenaica , away from the sea. In the 1st millennium AD, the Jezebeten seem to have migrated to the Ahaggar Mountains in southern Algeria , where they were subjugated by the arriving Tuareg towards the end of the 1st millennium . In today's oral tradition of the Tuareg, the Isabats appear in various anecdotes that characterize them as stupid hunters and shepherds who are ignorant of metalworking, and their language as flawed Tamascheq. However, parts of the Tuareg tribe of the Dag-Ghali claim to be descended from the Isabats.
literature
- Jehan Desanges: Catalog des tribus africaines de l'antiquité classique à l'ouest du Nil . Dakar 1962
- Charles de Foucauld : Dictionnaire touareg-francais . 4 volumes. Imprimerie Nationale de France, Paris 1951–1952 (on the Isabats: Volume II, 533-537 and IV, 1803)
- Paul Pandolfi: Les Touaregs de l'Ahaggar (Sahara algérien). Parenté et residence chez les Dag-Ghali. Karthala, Paris 1998. ISBN 2-86537-821-7
- Karola Zibelius: African place and peoples names in hieroglyphic and hieratic texts (= supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Near East, Series B , No. 1). Reichert, Wiesbaden 1972, ISBN 3-920153-18-9
Individual evidence
- ^ Papyrus Harris I, 77, 3.
- ↑ Herodotus: Histories. IV, 170.
- ^ Claudius Ptolemy: Geographikè Hyphégesis . IV, 4.
- ↑ Pliny: Natural History. V, 5.