Islamic Dawa Party

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حزب الدعوة الإسلامية
Islamic Dawa Party
Logo of the Islamic Dawa Party حزب الدإسلامية
Party leader Haider al-Abadi
founding 1957
Headquarters Baghdad , Iraq
Alignment Center-right :
Shiite Islamism,
Religious Nationalism,
Religious Conservatism
Website www.islamicdawaparty.com

The Islamic Dawa or Daawa Party ( Arabic حزب الدعوة الاسلامية Hizb ad-Daʿwa al-islāmiyya , DMG Ḥizb ad-Daʿwa al-islāmiyya ; the name can be translated as “Islamic Mission”, see Daʿwa ) is one of the major Shiite parties in Iraq .

In the parliamentary elections of January 30, 2005, she joined the United Iraqi Alliance together with other, predominantly Shiite parties . The party's chairman is the doctor Ibrahim al-Jafari . Despite its Shiite orientation, the Dawa party also has Sunni members.

history

Foundation and ideology

As the oldest Shiite movement in Iraq, the party was founded in 1957, with the influential Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr , the uncle of Muqtada al-Sadr , murdered in 1980 under Saddam Hussein , playing an important role. Some voices see Baqir al-Sadr as the actual party founder. Others just guess. The party was organized according to the model of a cadre party in a strictly hierarchical manner. In 1959, Baqir al-Sadr published detailed theoretical foundations for a Shiite state of God in his memorandum Our Philosophy . In 1961, the leading party founder Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr presented his main work “Our Economy” with approaches to an Islamic economic order. In it he criticized Western socialism and capitalism and ultimately called for the religious state, which, based on the Islamic legal system Sharia, holds the strings of its economy in its hands. The party profited from the resistance of the population against the modern legislation of the Iraqi government at the time, which, among other things, provided for the extensive emancipation of women.

Support from Iran

Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr received undisguised material, military and propaganda aid from Iran for his then banned Islamic Dawa party, which fought against the dictator Saddam Hussein by force of arms . In an open telegram, Ayatollah Khomeini asked him not to leave Iraq, since he had to lead the Islamic revolution there and liberate his country from the infidel Ba'ath party . The Dawa Party supported the Islamic Revolution in Iran and was sponsored in return by the Iranian government.

After Khomeini had not developed his own concept of a religious, state-controlled economy, he resorted directly to ideas from Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr's book "Our Economy". After the weaknesses of such a system quickly became apparent, Khomeini himself set the course in 1988 for a somewhat private-sector direction.

Like his father Mohammed Sadiq as-Sadr, Muqtada as-Sadr did not support the Khomeini-friendly attitude of Mohammed Baqir as-Sadr. Therefore, Muqtada al-Sadr did not become a Dawa member, but today he is an important politician who can rely on his own party and militia.

Despite the close cooperation between the Dawa party and the radical Iranian leadership, there were fundamental differences in the view of how an Islamic power system should be structured. While Khomeini's god was built entirely on the leadership of religious legal scholars, the Dawa party emphasized that the rightful leader in Islamic society must always be a civil ruler ( hakim madani ).

Exile and underground activity

Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr was hanged together with his sister in 1980. In the course of the persecution by Saddam Hussein's regime, thousands of his supporters were also killed and hundreds of thousands fled into exile. Among them As-Sadr's companion, the Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, who fled to Tehran.

In 1982 the organization committed an assassination attempt on Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. After this attempt was suppressed by the Iraqi leadership, the leading members of the party went into exile in Iran .

In 1983 a series of bomb attacks rocked the Kuwaiti capital, Kuwait City . Destinations included the control tower of the international airport, an industrial area, government departments and the American and French embassies. These attacks were also attributed to the Islamic Dawa party, as was the attempt to assassinate the Kuwaiti emir Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmed al-Sabah. The aim was to sabotage the country's policy, which was opening up to the West.

Today's influence

After the Iraq war in 2003, the party returned to its homeland as a political force and took its headquarters in the southern city of Nasiriyya , which it has ruled and ruled since then.

After the United Iraqi Alliance , to which the Dawa party belongs, won the parliamentary elections, Dawa chairman Ibrahim al-Jafari was appointed prime minister in 2005 in place of his competitor Ahmad Chalabi , who withdrew his application . Al-Jafari was replaced by his party friend Nuri al-Maliki in 2006 .

After some disagreements, the Dawa party, led by al-Maliki, left the United Iraqi Alliance and founded the rule of law coalition , which ran in the 2009 regional and parliamentary elections in 2010 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rüdiger Göbel, Joachim Guilliard, Michael Schiffmann: Iraq: War, Occupation, Resistance . PapyRossa Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89438-270-8 , p. 248.
  2. ↑ Florian Bernhardt: Hizb ad-Da'wa al-Islamiya. Self-image, strategies and goals of an Iraqi-Islamist party between continuity and change (1957–2003). Ergon Verlag, Würzburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-89913-932-7 .
  3. ↑ Ralph-M. Luedtke, Peter Strutynski: Permanent War or Sustainable Peace? Verlag Winfried Jenior, Kassel 2005, ISBN 3-934377-94-7 , p. 101.
  4. ↑ a b German Orient Institute (ed.): Orient . Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-406-53447-3 , p. 6.
  5. ↑ Ralph-M. Luedtke, Peter Strutynski: Permanent War or Sustainable Peace? . Verlag Winfried Jenior, Kassel 2005, ISBN 3-934377-94-7 , p. 101.
  6. ↑ Faroug Farhan: Problems of the Iranian-Iraqi conflict from 1968-1984 . Peter Lang Verlag, Bern and Frankfurt 1989, ISBN 3-631-41572-9 , p. 264.
  7. ^ Phebe Marr: The Modern History of Iraq . 3rd edition, Boulder, 2011, pp. 103f.
  8. ^ Phebe Marr: The Modern History of Iraq . 3rd edition, Boulder, 2011, pp. 103f.
  9. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach, Renate Laut: Islam in the Present . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53447-3 , p. 183.
  10. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach, Renate Laut: Islam in the Present , Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53447-3 , p. 183.
  11. ^ Phebe Marr: The Modern History of Iraq . 3rd edition, Boulder, 2011, pp. 103f.
  12. ↑ Faroug Farhan: Problems of the Iranian-Iraqi conflict from 1968-1984 . Peter Lang Verlag, Bern and Frankfurt 1989, ISBN 3-631-41572-9 , p. 263.
  13. ↑ Faroug Farhan: Problems of the Iranian-Iraqi conflict from 1968-1984 . Peter Lang Verlag, Bern and Frankfurt 1989, ISBN 3-631-41572-9 , p. 264.
  14. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach, Renate Laut: Islam in the Present . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53447-3 , p. 183.
  15. ↑ Ute Meinel: The Intifada in the Oil Sheikdom Bahrain . LIT Verlag, Berlin-Hamburg-Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6401-4 , p. 158.
  16. ↑ Ute Meinel: The Intifada in the Oil Sheikdom Bahrain . LIT Verlag, Berlin-Hamburg-Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6401-4 , p. 156.
  17. ^ Ernst Christian Schütt: Chronicle 2005 . Wissen Media Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-577-14105-0 , p. 66.