Heuchelheim Jewish Community
The Jewish community of Heuchelheim in Heuchelheim existed until 1909. After its dissolution, the Jewish residents belonged to the Jewish community of Ingenheim . It fell under the jurisdiction of the Landau district rabbinate .
history
Jews are first mentioned in Heuchelheim in the 16th century. A Jewish community emerged in the 18th century. The number of members of the Jewish community rose steadily until the middle of the 19th century. From the middle of the 19th century, there was a wave of emigration, mainly to the United States, as well as emigration to the cities as a result of increasing industrialization. As a result, the number of members in the Jewish community fell sharply. In 1909 the community lost its independence due to the small number of members and the remaining Jewish inhabitants belonged to the Jewish community of Ingenheim from this point on. From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions. As a result, more members of the Jewish community in Heuchelheim left. The last three Jews living in Heuchelheim were deported to the Gurs internment camp at the end of 1940 .
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1725 | 1 | ||
| 1765 | 13 | ||
| 1808 | 51 or 55 | Different information in the sources | |
| 1825 | 91 | ||
| 1835 | 87 | ||
| 1843 | 117 | 13 percent of the population of Heuchelheim | |
| 1848 | 108 | 24 | |
| 1851 | 86 | ||
| 1851 | 86 | ||
| 1857 | 89 | ||
| 1861 | 84 | ||
| 1867 | 67 | ||
| 1871 | 65 | ||
| 1875 | 61 | ||
| 1880 | 48 | ||
| 1885 | 43 | ||
| 1900 | 23 | ||
| 1910 | 14th | ||
| 1925 | 11 | ||
| 1933 | 6th | ||
| 1940 | 3 |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
Facilities
synagogue
The synagogue was established in 1880 in the building of the former Jewish elementary school at 28 Hauptstrasse. After 1909 the synagogue was abandoned and sold. Some time later it was demolished and a house was built on the property.
Mikveh
The community had a mikveh, the location of which is unknown.
graveyard
The Jewish community in Heuchelheim did not have its own Jewish cemetery. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery Am Pfaffenberg in Ingenheim.
school
Between 1830 and 1880 the Jewish community had its own elementary school . In 1858 the school moved to the building at 28 Hauptstrasse, which was later used as a synagogue. In 1880 the school was closed. At times, a separate religion teacher was employed, who also performed the duties of prayer leader and shochet .
Holocaust victim
The memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem list 17 members of the Jewish community Heuchelheim (who were born there or lived temporarily) who were during the time of National Socialism were murdered.
literature
- Bernhard Kukatzki: The stones speak: Evidence of Jewish life in the southern Weinstrasse district. Verlag Junge Literatur, Rhodt 1989, ISBN 978-3887172053 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Heuchelheim (community Heuchelheim-Klingen, VG Landau-Land, district Südliche Weinstrasse) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ↑ a b Heuchelheim / Weinstrasse (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 26, 2020.