JOULE-THERMIE (EU)
The JOULE-THERMIE program (1994–1998) of the European Union served to promote research, development and demonstration in the European Union and with third countries in the field of non-nuclear energies and, above all, to promote renewable energies.
The JOULE program was merged with the THERMIE program in 1994, as provided for in Title XV of the EC Treaty after Maastricht . The purpose of the merger was a. to increase the efficiency of both programs.
The JOULE-THERMIE program is only one part of the funding measures of the European Union in the field of research and technological development in the field of energy and the environment (see also the SAVE and ALTENER programs in the non-nuclear energy field).
aims
The general objective of the JOULE THERMIE program was funding
- the security of energy supply
- of sustainable development
- cleaner and more efficient technologies
- and economic competitiveness and social cohesion
through research, development and demonstration projects.
The main objective of the program is to promote the efficient, environmentally friendly use of domestic energy sources and the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions, especially CO 2 , and to strengthen renewable energies in Europe's energy supply. The JOULE-THERMIE program is also intended to strengthen the industrial competitiveness of companies in the European Union. Knowledge transfer and cooperation with third countries, INCO, etc. is expressly desired and the specific technological requirements of developing countries or emerging countries should be taken into account.
Research areas
The JOULE / THERMIE program covers the areas
- rational use of energy,
- renewable energies and
- advanced fossil fuel technologies.
It was supported and advised through joint actions to analyze strategies and disseminate these techniques and experiences.
Funding amount and duration
The JOULE-THERMIE program had a grant of 1030 million ECU in the fourth RTD framework program (23 November 1994 to 31 December 1998) (JOULE program over 460 million, THERMIE over 570 million ECU, of which 5% for SME support). According to the demands of the Council and the European Parliament, half of the funds should each be spent on promoting renewable energies . The funding was divided into different areas:
Area 1: Research, development, demonstration and dissemination of strategies (max. 5%)
Area 2: Rational use of energy (max. 26.4%)
Area 3: Renewable energies (max. 44%)
Area 4: Fossil fuels (max. 27.4%)
Area 5: Spread of energy technologies (max. 2.3%)
Support was provided through shared cost contracts (Area 1, 2, 3, 4), RTD projects (JOULE), demonstration projects (THERMIE - EU grant max. 40% of the costs), SME subsidies and concerted actions (Area 1, 5) as well as accompanying measures (studies, seminars, conferences, training courses, etc.). In 1997, the Thermie program funded 134 demonstration projects and 152 promotional activities with a total of ECU 136.1 million.
Follow-up projects
The JOULE THERMIE program expired in 1998. It was carried out within the fifth RTD framework program (1998–2002) in the field of “Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development” with a funding budget of 2 billion euros.
As part of the JOULE-THERMIE (and SYNERGY ) programs, the Commission is promoting the use of new, clean, economical and renewable energies in the countries of the third world as an accompanying measure , and in particular the use of solar energy to generate electricity .
literature
- Grunwald, Jürgen: The energy law of the European Communities , 2003, De Gruyter Verlag.
- Lippert, Michael: Energy law, 2002, German economic service.
- Ochsmann, Volker: Electricity from renewable energies in European law , 2002, Nomos .
- Antonius Opilio : European Energy Law (with special consideration of renewable energy sources and electrical energy), Edition Europa Verlag , 2005, ISBN 978-3-901924-21-7 .
Sources and References
- ↑ Art 130f EGV (now Art 163 EGV) provides that all measures in the field of research, technological development and demonstration according to Title XV EGV are to be decided and implemented.
- ↑ The sub-programs SAVE and ALTENER date from 1993 and were initially financed from other programs. In addition to the STEER and Coopener programs, SAVE and ALTENER were part of the Intelligent Energy Europe program (2003–2006).
- ↑ The EU's research activities in the energy sector have been carried out since 1985 in research and technology development framework programs (RTD-RP) lasting several years.
- ↑ This corresponds to more than 8% of the total budget of the 4th RTD framework program.
- ↑ Quotation from the general report on the activities of the European Union 1997, Section 15, "Energy Policy": http://europa.eu/generalreport/de/1997/dex51597.htm ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
