Jacques Prost
Jacques Prost (* 1946 in Bourg-en-Bresse ) is a French biophysicist and solid-state physicist (soft matter).
Prost studied from 1965 at the École normal supérieure de Saint-Cloud . In 1969 he received the Agrégation in Physics and in 1973 he received his doctorate. From 1973 to 1975 he was a post-doctoral student at Harvard University . He founded a group for liquid crystal research in Bordeaux (1969 to 1987, research for the CNRS ) and one for theoretical physical chemistry at the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI) under Pierre-Gilles de Gennes , the he directed from 1987 to 1995. There he dealt with liquid crystals and soft matter. In 1996 he founded a group for physical chemistry at the Curie Institute in Paris, with which he investigated biological questions such as molecular motors, cell movement and tissue dynamics, biological membranes, mechanisms of auditory cells and adhesion of proteins. He introduced the concept of active gels and homeostatic pressure in tissues. Among other things, he investigated the influence of mechanical tension on tumors and demonstrated growth suppression (linked to the effect of the inhibitor p27). He has now retired.
In 2003 he became Director General of ESPCI as the successor to de Gennes.
In 1995 he received the Prix Jean Ricard . In 2007 he became a member of the Académie des Sciences . From 1990 to 1999 he was scientific advisor to Elf Aquitaine . In 2007 he received the Cino del Duca Grand Prix and in 2016 the Sackler Prize in Biophysics. In 2009 he became a member of the French Comité de l'Energie Atomique.
Fonts (selection)
- with P. de Gennes: The physics of liquid crystals, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993
- with J. Rosselet, L. Salome, A. Ajdari: Directional motion of Brownian particles induced by a periodic asymmetric potential, Nature, Volume 370, 1994, p. 446
- with JF Chauwin, L. Peliti, A. Ajdari: Asymmetric pumping of particles, Physical Review Letters, Volume 72, 1994, p. 2652
- with Frank Jülicher : Cooperative molecular motors, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 75, 1995, p. 2618
- with F. Jülicher, A. Ajdari: Modeling molecular motors, Review of Modern Physics, Volume 69, 1997, p. 1269
- with S. Camalet, T. Duke, F. Jülicher: Auditory sensitivity provided by self-tuned critical oscillations of hair cells, Proc. Nat. Acad. USA, Vol. 97, 2000, pp. 3183-3188
- with K. Kruse, JF Joanny, F. Jülicher, K. Sekimoto: Asters, vortices, and rotating spirals in active gels of polar filaments, Phys. Rev. Letters, Volume 92, 2004, p. 078101
- with K. Kruse, JF Joanny, F. Jülicher, K. Sekimoto: Generic theory of active polar gels: a paradigm for cytoskeletal dynamics, European Physical Journal E, Volume 16, 2005, pp. 5-16
- with A. Roux u. a .: Role of curvature and phase transition in lipid sorting and fission of membrane tubules, The EMBO Journal, Volume 24, 2005, pp. 1537-1545
- with MC Marchetti, JF Joanny u. a .: Hydrodynamics of soft active matter, Reviews of modern Physics, Volume 85, 2013, p. 1143
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Portrait on the occasion of a guest stay at the MBI, University of Singapore , 2018
- ↑ Delarue, Prost et al. a .: Compressive stress inhibits proliferation in tumor spheroids through a volume limitation, Biophysical Journal, Volume 107, 2014, pp. P1821-1828, online
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cheers, Jacques |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French biophysicist and physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1946 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bourg-en-Bresse |