Jentink Ducker
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Jentink duiker ( Cephalophus jentinki ) |
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| Thomas , 1892 |
The Jentink duiker ( Cephalophus jentinki ) is a species of duiker that lives in western Africa . It was discovered as one of the last larger mammals in Africa at the end of the 19th century and its population is endangered.
Appearance
The Jentink duiker reaches a height of 80 cm and a head-trunk length of 130 to 135 cm, the tail length is 10 to 15 cm. The weight of the individual animals is around 56.5 to 79.4 kg. The typical horns are comparatively large for duiker and colored black, where they curve backwards and have a smooth surface. In the males, they can be up to 17.5 cm, rarely over 21 cm, while those of the females are usually shorter, which is the only externally visible gender difference. The head, which is provided with a small parting, and the neck area of the animals are colored black, whereby the fur is quite short-haired, the lips and the nose area are white. The rest of the body is colored gray, the insides of the legs are slightly lighter. But there is also a darker vertical stripe on the abdomen. In the area of the shoulders, where the black and gray hair color meet, there is a narrow white band that circles the body in front of the front legs. The animals have elongated glands under the eyes. The tooth formula is I 0 / 3- C 0 / 1- P 3 / 3- M 3/3 (× 2), so a total of 32 teeth.
Occurrence
The species occurs from Liberia to Ivory Coast , including in the Gola Rainforest National Park in Sierra Leone , but its habitat is very fragmented. The eastern border is the Niouniourou River . It inhabits lowland rainforests and secondary forests, which have a closed canopy, but also occurs in secondary forests and on farmland in the immediate vicinity of forest islands. Different types of fruit-bearing trees must be available as a food reserve and sufficient shelter such as deadwood or buttress roots of large trees.
Way of life
The animals are nocturnal and crepuscular solitary animals that conspecifics only tolerate during the mating season; however there are also sightings of couples. In addition, they live territorially and mark the territories with a secretion that emerges from glands above their eyes. They mainly eat leaves, shoots and fruits of various trees. These include bitter ash plants such as Hannoa and mulberry plants such as Milicia . In terms of fruits, preference is given to those of Tieghemella from the sapote family , cola trees or Parinari from the golden plum family . Since the Jentink duiker has quite strong teeth, it can also eat hard-shelled fruits. In the rainy season, when it occasionally penetrates farmland, it also feeds on the fruits of cultivated palm plants . Whether the Jentink duiker eats meat from small mammals and birds like other duiker species is unclear due to its hidden way of life. The animals often spend their rest time in hollowed trunks of fallen trees. When startled, they run away at great speed but have poor stamina. Their natural enemies include the leopard , serval , African civet , jackal , various birds of prey and larger snakes.
Reproduction
During the rutting season , the male woos the female by biting her trunk, which can cause punctual wounds. The gestation period is unknown, according to observations in Liberia, the birth usually falls between March and June. Only one young animal is ever born that weighs 3.3 to 5.9 kg and is uniformly black in color with a weaker color around the lips. The fur markings of adult animals are reached after about a year. The longest lifespan of a captive animal was 21 years.
Hazards and protective measures
The animals are coveted as trophies and also as bush meat and are therefore hunted excessively. In addition, their habitat is being destroyed due to the expansion of human settlements and agricultural land. Around the year 1999 around 3,500 animals living in the wild were still accepted, in 2010 it was assumed that there were no more than 2000 individuals. Therefore, the IUCN classifies this species in the endangered category . To protect the species, protected areas such as Tai National Park and Sapo National Park have been established.
swell
- Colin P. Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 762-763
- Bernd Hoppe-Dominik: Cephalophus jentinki Jentink's Duiker. In: Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold and Jan Kalina (eds.): Mammals of Africa Volume VI. Pigs, Hippopotamuses, Chevrotain, Giraffes, Deer and Bovids. Bloomsbury, London 2013, pp. 299-301
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Colin P. Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 762-763
- ↑ a b c Bernd Hoppe-Dominik: Cephalophus jentinki Jentink's Duiker. In: Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold and Jan Kalina (eds.): Mammals of Africa Volume VI. Pigs, Hippopotamuses, Chevrotain, Giraffes, Deer and Bovids. Bloomsbury, London 2013, pp. 299-301
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group: Cephalophus jentinki. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. ( [1] ), last accessed on June 24, 2013
Web links
- Cephalophus jentinki inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.2. Listed by: IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2013.