Jinakalamali Chronicle

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Map of Lan Na

The Jinakalamali Chronicle ( Thai : ประชุม พงศาวดาร ชิน กาล มาลี , Pali jinakālamālī) is an early classical Buddhist record of the history of Buddhism and the Lan Na Empire in what is now northern Thailand .

Origin and Tradition

The Jinakalamali Chronicle was written in Pali during the reign of King Kaeo (ruled 1495 to 1525) and later copied many times, as the palm leaf manuscripts used for this purpose only have a limited shelf life . The high-ranking monk Ratanapañña Thera is considered to be the author.

role models

The Jinakalamali chronicle joins the classical Buddhist or Wat chronicles , the first of which was the Mulasasana chronicle , followed by the Camadevivamsa chronicle . Like this it is arranged in two parts; the first part deals with the life of Buddha until the introduction of Buddhism in India , the second part provides legendary and historical details from Lan Na.

Parts of the Jinakalamali Chronicle are similar or even identical in the two predecessors. B. the story of the origin of mankind (here the Lawa ), which is said to have been born from the footprints of animals such as elephants , rhinos , cattle and deer .

Jinakalamali as a historical source

The Jinakalamali Chronicle can be used as a historical source in places. She portrays the Lawa as a people who lived there long before Lanna was established and who later had a positive cultural influence from outside. The threat posed by the Khmer from the southeast in the 11th century is mentioned. They created iron tools that were accepted as tribute from King Mengrai (ruled 1296-1311).

Hariphunchai (Lamphun)

The earliest historical story is about Queen Camadevi (from the 6th to 7th centuries). After her reign, Thiya Ammat set out to assassinate the king of Hariphunchai ( Lamphun ) and to rule in his place. Lamphun itself is said to have been founded by the hermit Wasuthep, a member of the Lawa devoted to Buddhism.

Around the middle of the 12th century (probably 1157) Phaya Athittarat had the Phrathat Hariphunchai built in the heart of the then Lamphun, which had an oval floor plan.

Nakhon Khelang (Lampang)

Since there is no city chronicle ( Mueang chronicles ) for Lampang , one is often dependent on information in the wat chronicles . The Jinakalamali Chronicle reports that Lampang was conquered by Phaya Boek and Phaya Yiba (probably a Thai) during the time of Mengrai, and Mengrai appointed a nobleman of the Milakkhu (Lawa) as its leader.

Wiang Kumkam

Before the end of the 13th century, Mengrai founded the city of Wiang Kum Kam , Jinakalamali states the year 1303.

Phaya Yot Chiang Rai

Yot Chiang Rai was the tenth king of Lan Na and ruled from 1487 to 1495. In the Jinakalamali Chronicle he is called Thao Yot Mueang and reports that he oversaw the cremation of his great father Tilokarat in the Wat Photharam temple and a stupa to keep the Build his father's ashes.

Phaya Kaeo

Kaeo is called Tilokpanatdathirat in the Jinakalamali Chronicle and, like King Tilokarat, is praised as a virtuous king and follower of Buddhism in the country. Many details are mentioned, such as the promotion of the Pali language and, last but not least, the creation of the Jinakalamali chronicle.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ongsakul (2005), p. 31.
  2. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 82.
  3. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 30.
  4. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 38.
  5. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 43.
  6. ↑ ongsakul (2005), p. 35.
  7. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 39.
  8. ↑ Ongsakul (2005), p. 80.

literature