Yehoshua ben Gamla

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Most of the information about Joshua ben Gamla comes from the Jewish writer Flavius ​​Josephus. Here is an edition from 1466, see Jewish antiquities

Yehoshua ben Gamla , also Jesus ben Gamala (Hebrew: יהושע בן גמלא Jesus, Son of Gamaliel), was a high priest of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in the period from 64-65 AD and a Jewish resistance fighter against the rule of Rome in Palestine.

Yehoshua ben Gamla was a friend of Flavius ​​Josephus , a Jewish writer and resister who switched sides and published a history of the Jewish people, called Jewish Antiquities , on behalf of the Roman emperors in 93-94 AD . Yehoshua ben Gamla was installed by King Agrippa , a vassal ruler loyal to Rome, in AD 64 . He was the successor of Jesus ben Damneus , who had also been installed by King Agrippa. Together with the former high priest Ananus, Jehoshua ben Gamla tried in vain to prevent the Edomites from entering the siege of Jerusalem by force, and died in the fighting in 68 AD. Besides Josephus, Jehoshua ben Gamla is mentioned in the Talmud and the Mishnah .

Life

Yehoshua ben Gamla did not come from a priestly family himself, but was married to a Martha from the Boëthusier family (Hebrew: בייתוסים). According to the Talmud , Martha is said to have been one of the richest people in Jerusalem. She married Yehoshua ben Gamla after her first husband died. Yehoshua ben Gamla was particularly committed to popular education and, according to the Talmud, founded schools across the country for boys from the age of 7. Although he had no priestly training, he was appointed high priest by King Agrippa and the Roman governor Gessius Florus , the last governor of Rome before the Jewish uprising. Decisive for the appointment were solely his wealth and his power through marriage. But after a year he had to resign and was replaced by Matthias ben Theophilus , the son of the former high priest Theophilus ben Ananus . After his dismissal, he took part in the Galilee resistance against the Romans together with Flavius ​​Josephus . He is said to have uncovered a revolt against the then leader Josephus, in the course of which Josephus was to be replaced by Josephus' father, Matthias. Yehoshua ben Gamla was killed by the Zealots together with Ananus, son of Ananus , in 68 AD during the siege of the Jerusalem temple .

See also

References and comments

  1. ↑ Flavius ​​Josephus Jewish Antiquities, Volume 9
  2. ^ Joshua ben Gamla, Jewish Virtual Library
  3. ^ Emil Schürer History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, page 23
  4. ↑ by Joseph Heinrich Friedlieb, Archeology of the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ, page 18
  5. ↑ After the Idumeans Entered Jerusalem They put him to death, together with other Opponents of the Zealots (ibid., 316). Josephus praises him greatly, saying of him that "he stood far above the rest" (ibid., 322).
personal data
SURNAME Yehoshua ben Gamla
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jesus ben Gamala
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish high priest
DATE OF BIRTH 1st century
DATE OF DEATH 1st century
Place of death Jerusalem