Judendorf (Magdeburg)

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The Jewish village was a Jewish settlement in front of the old town of Magdeburg .

location

The Jewish village was located in the settlement area south of Magdeburg's old town, between three other settlements: Sankt Michael was to the north, Sudenburg to the east and Rottersdorf to the south . Their cemetery was south-east of the settlement, behind the village of Buckau , which belongs to the Berge monastery , on the Elbe. From today's perspective, the settlement was roughly in the area of ​​Magdeburg's Hasselbachplatz .

history

The Jewish settlement is the oldest southern suburban settlement in Magdeburg and was founded in the 9th or 10th century. It was first under the control of the German emperors and passed into their possession after the Archdiocese of Magdeburg was founded. There is a documentary mention from the year 979, in which the Archbishop of Magdeburg had the jurisdiction over the Jewish village confirmed by Emperor Otto II .
The Jewish cemetery is first documented in 1312, it was enlarged in that year and again in 1383.

In the course of a siege of Magdeburg in 1213 by troops of Emperor Otto IV , like the other suburban settlements, the Jewish village was completely devastated and then rebuilt.

In the following period there were repeated incidents and persecutions: In
1261 the Archbishop Rubertus (Ruprecht, 1260–1266) had the richest Jews arrested for flimsy reasons in order to extort ransom for his tight coffers. In addition, their houses were looted and all their valuables were stolen.

1301, on the Wednesday after Easter, the Magdeburg citizens attacked the Jewish village, plundered it and murdered many of the residents. A Christian maid who served a Jew had testified that "the Jews had made the image of someone crucified and also crucified Christ in this image again".

In 1349 the plague that broke out in Florence in 1348 also reached Magdeburg. The Jews were held responsible for the epidemic. They are said to have caused the plague through poisoning springs and wells, as well as through other evil means. The “fanatical rabble” attacked the Jewish village, plundered it and burned the houses and their residents.

In 1357 the plague broke out again. Again the Jews were held responsible and persecuted.

In 1384, some Jews who were on their way back from a festival in Weißenfels under assured safe escort were attacked, mistreated and robbed by robber nobles of the archbishopric. Their complaints of violating their promised protection were ridiculed and told that as enemies of the Church they do not fall under the law.
In the same year they were once again charged with the “great mortality” in Magdeburg, the Jewish village was attacked, looted and the inhabitants chased away. In the following year they came back and had to pay the Archbishop 1000 silver marks and the city of Magdeburg 500 marks for permission to reside in the Jewish village.

In 1493, Ernst, Archbishop of Magdeburg, ordered the expulsion of the Jews. He brought many complaints against the Jews by the Magdeburg citizens. The village population consisted of over 1400 people who were expelled from the area of ​​the archbishopric. The Jewish residents were allowed to take their movable belongings with them and were also compensated for their land, which the council of Sudenburg had to buy from the owners on the orders of the archbishop. The synagogue was converted into a Marienkapelle, the settlement was renamed Mariendorf and added to the country town of Sudenburg . After the expulsion, the cemetery was initially assigned to Sudenburg , later the area was divided up with the Berge monastery, destroyed and converted into a field. The tombstones with Hebrew script were used to build roads and houses.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Joachim Krenzke, Magdeburg Cemeteries and Burial Places, State Capital Magdeburg 1998, PDF edition, page 146
  2. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann, History of the City of Magdeburg: edited from the sources, Volume 1, page 46
  3. ↑ Dr. Friedrich Richter, Dr. Friedrich Richter's von Magdeburg brief history of the city of Magdeburg, Verlag der Richterschen Buchdruckerei, 1834, original from New York Public Library, digitized June 8, 2007, Google E-Book, page 33
  4. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann, History of the City of Magdeburg: edited from the sources, Volume 1, Baensch, 1845, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized October 13, 2008, page 183
  5. ^ Gruhl, "Chronik der Stadt Magdeburg", issue 1–5, Gruhl'sche Buchdruckerei, 1831, original from Harvard University, digitized October 18, 2007, page 328
  6. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann, History of the City of Magdeburg: edited from the sources, Volume 1, Baensch, 1845, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized October 13, 2008, page 256
  7. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann, History of the City of Magdeburg: edited according to the sources, Volume 1, Baensch, 1845, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized October 13, 2008, page 260
  8. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann, History of the City of Magdeburg: edited from the sources, Volume 1, Baensch, 1845, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized October 13, 2008, page 298f
  9. ^ Karl Janicke, "Ernst, Archbishop of Magdeburg" in: General German Biography, Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Volume 6, 1877, digital full-text edition in Wikisource, page 291ff
  10. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann, History of the City of Magdeburg: edited from the sources, Volume 1, Baensch, 1845, original from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized October 13, 2008, page 441

Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 11 ″  N , 11 ° 37 ′ 41 ″  E