Buckau (Magdeburg)
 district of Magdeburg |
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| Basic data | |
| Surface: | 2.1803 km² |
| Residents : | 6240 |
| Population density : | 2,862 inhabitants per km² |
| (Information as of December 31, 2016) | |
| Coordinates : | 52 ° 6 ' N , 11 ° 38' E |
| Districts / Districts: | Bottleneck Bleckenburgstrasse / Jahnring Klosterbergegarten industrial area Buckau |
| Postal code : | 39104 |
| Tram lines : | 2 8 |
| Bus routes : | 52 54 57 |
Buckau is a district of the Saxony-Anhalt state capital Magdeburg . 6,240 inhabitants live in an area of 2.1803 km² (as of December 31, 2016).
geography
Buckau is located directly on the Elbe opposite the southern part of the Rotehorn Landscape Park . In the north, Erich-Weinert-Strasse and Schönebecker Strasse in the direction of Harnackstrasse and Steubenallee are joined by the Altstadt district , while in the south the border with Fermersleben is Schanzenweg and its extension to the banks of the Elbe. Furthermore, the building complex at Erich-Weinert-Strasse 5 belongs to the district, which was detached from the Leipziger Strasse district through protest actions by a resident.
To the west, Buckau is bordered by the S-Bahn station SKET-Industriepark and the streets Schanzenweg and Schilfbreite with the districts Leipziger Straße and Hopfengarten . Buckau is also the starting point of the so-called pearl chain of the districts, to which Fermersleben, Salbke and Westerhüsen are counted to the south . Apart from the northern and southern areas, the district is very densely populated and can still have several preserved streets in the Wilhelminian style . Buckau has its own train station and is well served by local public transport. From Buckau there is a ferry connection to the Rotehornpark.
history
The old place name Buchuvi (Slavic from Bukov and later changed to Buk = beech) indicates the peculiarity of a Slavic settlement, because these were extremely rare west of the Elbe. As Buchuvi, the place first appeared in a document in 937. With this, King Otto I assigned the village to Magdeburg's Moritzkloster as property. Twelve Slavic families are mentioned in the document. With the formation of the archbishopric in 968, ownership passed to the Berge monastery . A first church building is documented for the year 1383. The place was meaningless for a long time. The Jewish cemetery Judenkever was located south of the village until 1493 . In 1782 only 264 inhabitants were counted. At that time, linen weaving was the main source of income.
Buckau was destroyed for the first time in the Thirty Years' War (→ Magdeburg Wedding ) by the Imperial Army and again at the beginning of the 19th century by troops of the Grande Armée during the siege of Magdeburg Fortress during the Wars of Liberation . After the Congress of Vienna , Buckau belonged to the Wanzleben district of the Prussian province of Saxony from 1816 .
While at the beginning of the 19th century there was only one chicory, oven, pottery and leather lacquer factory as well as a bleaching and dyeing factory, Buckau experienced rapid industrialization from the 1830s , primarily in the field of mechanical engineering . The Hamburg-Magdeburger Dampfschiffahrts-Compagnie, which was founded in 1837, founded the Buckau machine factory as early as 1838. As the first section of the Magdeburg-Leipzig railway, which led via Buckau, the railway line between Magdeburg and Schönebeck was opened in June 1838. The beginnings of the Schäffer & Budenberg measuring devices and fittings factory fell in the year 1850. On May 1, 1855 Hermann Gruson founded the machine factory and shipbuilding workshop H. Gruson Buckau-Magdeburg (from 1886 Grusonwerk AG Buckau ) and in 1862 Rudolf Ernst Wolf in the Buckauer Feldstrasse a machine factory with a boiler shop ( Maschinenbau R. Wolf Magdeburg-Buckau ). In the same year the Budenberg & Co. gas station was built, which received a 30-year concession. And in 1864 the machine and fittings factory of C. Louis Strube was built on Porsestrasse. Here an industrial force had emerged that was of great importance in the Kingdom of Prussia and contributed to the construction of the railways and further industrialization. As early as 1857, the Buckau waterworks had been built near the Elbe on the so-called Wolfswerder , which served Magdeburg's drinking water supply until 1962.
Buckau received city rights in 1859 and its population rose by 65 percent from 9,700 in 1871 to 16,000 in 1885. On October 1, 1879, Buckau became the seat of the Buckau District Court . The town of Buckau was incorporated into Magdeburg in 1887.
The Gruson factory became a Krupp subsidiary in 1893 . During the Second World War, Friedrich Krupp AG Grusonwerk was an important producer of tracked vehicles for the Wehrmacht ( Panzer IV , assault gun ) and other armaments. After 1945, the Soviet military administration in Germany (SMAD) initially intended to dismantle the large Buckau factories. After violent opposition from the German side, however, it converted the companies into Soviet joint-stock companies (SAG), each of which was headed by a Soviet general director. The Maschinenfabrik Buckau R. Wolf AG moved its headquarters to its branch in West Germany , the Maschinenfabrik Grevenbroich .
In 1951 the Pavlov Polyclinic was opened in the district , which still exists today. In 1953 the previous SAG companies were converted into state -owned companies (VEB) and placed under sole German management. In Buckau and Salbke this applied among other things:
- Maschinenfabrik Krupp-Gruson, renamed VEB Schwermaschinenbau " Ernst Thälmann " ( SKET )
- Maschinenfabrik Buckau Wolf, renamed VEB Schwermaschinenbau " Karl Liebknecht " (SKL)
- Machine factory Otto Gruson (formerly part of the machine factory Buckau Wolf), renamed to VEB Schwermaschinenbau " Georgij Dimitroff "
- Schäffer and Budenberg, renamed VEB Meßgerätewerk " Erich Weinert "
The Buckauer Maschinenbaufabriken established Magdeburg's reputation as the city of heavy engineering during the GDR era.
In the GDR , this resulted in combines, such as the heavy machinery construction combine "Ernst Thälmann" (SKET) in 1969 , and in 1970 VEB Karl Liebknecht , located in the south of Salbke, became the parent company of a combine.
Despite the gradual decline of parts of the local industry, the structure of the district has been clearly shaped by the stages of industrialization since the political change to the present day. Only SKET Maschinen- und Anlagenbau AG remains of the former large-scale companies in Buckau. In 2006, however, 324 other businesses were registered with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In 2005, Deutsche Bahn built a new maintenance workshop in Buckau for around 19 million euros. In the early 1990s, the city of Magdeburg countered the extensive abandonment of the maintenance of the (residential) building fabric since the 1950s , which has been accompanied by a continuous decline in the number of residents since the political change. With the conversion of a former silo into a residential building, the construction of an extensive residential complex directly on the banks of the Elbe began in 1997. In 2009 the Lange Heinrich , the largest chimney on the former SKET site and symbol of the district's industry, was blown up.
Attractions
The cultural monuments in the district are listed in the local monument register .
In addition to the still existing Wilhelminian-style industrial facilities, such as B. the former Grusonwerk AG Buckau or the former machine factory Wolf , some buildings in the design language of the 1920s such as the substation ( J. Göderitz , 1926) or the Buckau train station, which definitely represented the industrial power of this district.
The Gruson greenhouses , built in 1896, are located on the northern edge of Buckau. The adjacent monastery mountain garden was designed by Lenné in the 19th century in 1825 and is considered the first German public garden . The society house (with hall) on Klosterbergegarten, built from 1828–1829 according to plans by Schinkel , has been the seat of the Center for Telemann Care and Research, the International Telemann Society and the “ Georg Philipp Telemann ” working group since 2003 . The Sahneröschen , a preserved kiosk building from the 1920s, is directly opposite the Gesellschaftshaus . The Fährstraße advertising pillar from the second half of the 19th century is also under monument protection .
Other structures:
The Buckauer Friedhof is located south of the district on the Fermersleber district.
In Buckau there is also Magdeburg's municipal puppet theater and in the adjacent Villa P. there is a publicly accessible collection of puppets.
The Evangelical Secondary School Magdeburg is also located in Buckau
people
Born in Buckau:
- Wilhelm Klees (born March 12, 1841 in Buckau), SPD politician and member of the Reichstag
- Richard Bötticher (born June 30, 1855 in Buckau), Prussian district administrator
- Ernst Gerhard Dresel (born September 3, 1885), hygienist and bacteriologist .
- Erich Weinert (born August 4, 1890 in Buckau), writer (birthplace: Thiemstrasse No. 7)
- Paul Bindel (born January 7, 1894 in Buckau), painter and university professor
- Gertrud Freifrau von Schimmelmann (* November 12, 1875), born Elise Gertrud Strube in her parents' apartment at Schönebecker Str. 124 in Buckau. The parents were the manufacturer Louis Strube (steam engine and steam boiler fittings) and Auguste Strube born. Hedloff. She was a well-known heather painter and student of Georg Müller vom Siel in the Dötlingen artists' colony .
Connected to Buckau in another way:
- Johann Kaspar Coqui (born January 4, 1747), entrepreneur and politician with real estate in Buckau, Johann-Kaspar-Coquische Foundation of the Buckau community
- Heinrich Rathmann (born January 10, 1750), teacher and preacher at the Berge monastery
- Bruno Thiem (born November 18, 1823), Mayor of Buckau
- Christian Friedrich Budenberg (born December 21, 1815, † September 11, 1883 in Buckau), co-founder of the Schaeffer and Budenberg company
- Hermann Gruson (born March 13, 1821), entrepreneur, scientist, inventor, founder of a machine factory in Buckau
- Karl Gaertner (born September 27, 1823), engineer, national liberal politician built an iron rolling mill in Buckau in 1855
- Ernst Wille (born April 20, 1894), SPD politician, anti-fascist, ran a restaurant in Buckau
- Emanuel Larisch (born January 1, 1906), KPD politician, head of the illegal KPD district leadership in Buckau during National Socialism
- Gerhard Steinig (born January 3, 1913), resistance fighter in the Third Reich , spent childhood and youth in Buckau
- Karl Ludwig Ferdinand Friedrich (1898–1989), painter, graphic artist, arts and crafts teacher
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ District catalog of the Office for Statistics
- ^ Reused old Germany stamps, Peter Feuser, 1983, Stuttgart. Prussia No. 489. Post office built in 1856.
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