Pechau

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Pechau (disambiguation) .

Pechau district of Magdeburg
Basic data
Surface:	7.6110  km²
Residents :	540
Population density :	71 inhabitants per km²
(Information as of December 31, 2016)
Coordinates :	52 ° 5 '  N , 11 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 5 '4 "  N , 11 ° 42' 54"  E
District / District:	Pechau
Postal code :	39114
Bus routes :	56

Pechau is a district of Magdeburg in Saxony-Anhalt with 540 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016) on an area of ​​7.611 km². The village was first mentioned in a document in 948.

location

Pechau is east of the Elbe on the edge of Magdeburg, between the Elbe, Ehle , Alter Elbe , Kreuzhorst and Klus; directly on the Elbe Umflutkanal and Pechauer See . The village is located in the Elbaue about five kilometers away (about 15 minutes by car to the city center) between Magdeburg and Schönebeck (Elbe) on the K1227 district road.

Pechau is embedded in an attractive and varied cultural landscape. The diverse juxtaposition of alluvial forests , fields, pastures, orchards and bodies of water is the habitat of rare animals such as herons , kites , beavers and storks .

history

Until the Slav period

Pechau is a typical Elbe village that celebrated its 1050th anniversary in 1998. The Pechau founding date can be traced back to a court day of Otto I , on which the diocese of Brandenburg was founded on October 1, 948 (according to other interpretations, 965). In the founding deed of the diocese, Pechau was first mentioned by name as "Pechovi" (possibly from "pek" - ancient Slavic for "care"). The Slavic castle Pechau itself is demonstrably even older; the East Elbe area has been inhabited for several thousand years. In the Roman Empire (1st – 4th centuries), Semnonic-Swebian tribes of the Germanic tribes lived here. In the year 5 the Semnones , who considered themselves the oldest and noblest of the Sweben tribes , were first mentioned in ancient sources. After the great European migration (4th to 6th centuries), the Wilzen , a tribe of the Elbe Slavs, moved up in the 6th and 7th centuries. The Sweben reached as far as Galicia . After unsuccessful attempts by Charlemagne , King of the Franks, who advanced from the west to the Elbe during the Saxon Wars in 780 (incorporation of the Duchy of Saxony into the Frankish Empire, 772-804), the German rulers Heinrich I (the Saxon ) and his son Otto I (the Great) to gain a foothold in the East Elbe region. The political center of the empire shifted from the Rhine-Main to the area between the Harz and the Elbe. Otto I. secured the border with the Elbe Slavs, subjugated and Christianized them. Magdeburg (Magadoburg, founded in 805 as a Franconian fort and seat of a Franconian count to monitor Franconian-Slavic trade on the Elbe) was to be expanded under Otto I, alongside Rome and Aachen, to become one of the government centers of the empire. In 937 King Otto I founded the Moritz or St. Mauritius Monastery in Magdeburg. When the Archdiocese of Magdeburg emerged from the monastery in 962/968, the archbishops became masters of the city and the surrounding area. Since 921 the Gau Morzane (the land "at the Sumpfsee - the former Fiener See", between Elbe, Stremme , Havel , Ihle and Nuthe ) has been part of the northern march of the German Empire. From 937 the entire Gau was subject to interest at the Moritzstift in Magdeburg. The associated Alt-Pechau was an island in the Elbe on the border with Magdeburg and the Duchy of Saxony and the closest Burgward on the Slavic Elbe side. The written history of the area began.

Slav period

The origin of the old village of Pechau is traced back to a ring castle of the Morzanen, which belonged to the 11 castle districts of the Slavic Gaus of the same name. The Morzanen were one of the four tribal groups of the North Slavic Wilzen, who settled in 95 castle districts. The castle was about 125 × 200 m. Their settlement can be proven from the end of the 8th to the middle of the 12th century. It was located on a hill that is still visible today at the eastern end of the Breite Strasse in the present-day village. Up until the 12th century, a main arm of the Elbe ran around the island of the castle hill. Alt-Pechau was connected by a bridge to the east bank of the Elbe in the direction of today's bridge over the flood canal. In 923 and 924 Hungarians and allied Slavs destroyed neighboring Magdeburg. It cannot be completely ruled out that some of the unlucky people may have been involved. The Elbe was the border between the Slavic region or the North Mark and the Duchy of Saxony of the German Empire, founded in 919 by the first German King Heinrich I (as the successor to the East Frankish-German King Konrad I ) and from 962, with the coronation of Otto I (royal coronation 936 ) in Rome to the Roman Emperor, the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The Slavic tribes between the Elbe, Saale and Oder became tributaries to Heinrich I in 928. In 965 Otto I donated his property in Pechau to the Moritzstift in Magdeburg. Otto II confirmed these donations in 973. At the end of the 10th century, the Wilzen formed the League of Liutizen ("the grim"). Due to the Slav uprising in 983, the German colonization of the East Elbian "heathen" Slavic areas up to the Oder was pushed back again for around one hundred and fifty years. The Elbe near Magdeburg once again became a border region. The Burgward Pechau, however, remained an important German base in the fight against Slavs. In 1007, the Polish prince Boleslaw I. Chrobry (the bold and first Polish king) attacked Pechau Castle while attempting to conquer the Slav area between the Oder and Elbe. The Gau Morzane is devastated. It is assumed that the palisade wall of the castle was destroyed and that Alt-Pechau then sank into insignificance. At the time of Frederick I (called Barbarossa), the Germans finally won the upper hand in the dispute over the East Elbe territories under Albrecht the Bear , Margrave of the North Mark. In 1139 the Berge Monastery gave 100 Hufen land to the Bishop of Brandenburg, including the village of Pechau. Alt-Pechau no longer existed at the end of the 12th century.

12th to 16th centuries

Pechau is a clustered village with mainly three and four-sided courtyards, as are typical for the Magdeburg region. The current village layout with the ring road goes back to the construction of the German New Village under the locator Heribert, who on June 18, 1159, transferred the village of Pechau with six Hufen (approx. 60 ha) of land west of the Slavic castle ramparts with all accessories and jurisdiction all settlers received as fiefs . Archbishop Wichmann von Magdeburg (1152–1192) brought new settlers from Flanders to the region in order to drain the land and make better use of it for agriculture. In 1185 Wichmann donated two hooves to the Nicolaistift and in 1191 three hooves of land in Pechau to the Andreas chapel in Magdeburg. If Pechau was still between two large Elbe arms at the turn of the millennium, the main river later flowed in the Old Elbe and roughly in the bed of the current Elbe to the west of Pechau. Pechau now belonged not only politically but also geographically to the Jerichower Land , which was predominantly owned by the ore monastery of Magdeburg (the lands around Gommern had belonged to Saxony since 1269 and areas in the north belonged to Brandenburg ). The church in Pechau was first mentioned in 1221. Until 1562 she belonged to the Lorenzkloster in Magdeburg Neustadt. In 1275 Zipkeleben , Menz and Königsborn belonged to the parish of Pechau. In 1403 and 1407 Pechau was attacked and robbed by the princes of Anhalt in the war with Archbishop Günther II of Magdeburg (1403–1445), which lasted until 1407 . The oldest mention of the Klusdamm from Magdeburg past Pechau comes from the year 1469 as part of the Heerstraße Magdeburg-Brandenburg , the main route to the east. Another trade route, for example, led to south-eastern Wittenberg . In 1459 a Herr von Treskow, who had received Pechau as a fief from the Archbishop of Magdeburg, exchanged Pechau for the Berge Monastery in Magdeburg. In Pechau, an outwork of the monastery was built at the northwest end of today's Breite Straße. In 1524 Martin Luther came from Wittenberg, past Pechau, over the Klusdamm and brought the Reformation to Magdeburg ("Unsres Herrgotts Kanzlei"). During the Reformation period (1517, 95 theses on Wittenberg; 1555, Augsburg religious peace), Pechau was defeated by Magdeburg in 1546 and 1550 in the Schmalkaldic War (1550/1551) during the unsuccessful siege of the Protestant Magdeburg by the Catholic Elector Moritz of Saxony (1521–1553) Looted citizens. In 1562, 30 farms in Pechau were mentioned in the church records. Until the 16th century, Pechau had no more than 100 inhabitants.

17th and 18th centuries

Until the Thirty Years' War there should have been a permanent castle in Pechau. In 1626 and 1629 there were battles with Wallenstein , 1630 with Pappenheim and 1631 with Tilly and Pappenheim in the Pechau area. On March 31, 1631, the two Magdeburg ski jumps in the Kreuzhorst near Pechau Magdeburg Succurs and Trutz Tilly were stormed by the imperial troops. After storming the Trutz Pappenheim ski jump between Pechau and Klus, Tilly advanced over the Klusdamm on Magdeburg after heavy fighting with 30,000 soldiers. On April 12, 1631 Pappenheim opened his headquarters in Pechau. The siege and bloody destruction of Magdeburg on May 10, 1631 by the imperial troops under Tilly and Pappenheim survived only the Pechau church. Magdeburg as one of the most important German cities lost its importance in the following years. In 1632 the imperial troops were driven out of Sweden in Lützen by the victory of Gustav Adolf II . There is a legend that a large silver treasure was hidden by Tilly's troops in the vicinity of Pechau. As a result of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Pechau and the newly formed Duchy of Magdeburg came to Kurbrandenburg in 1680 (from 1701 Kingdom of Prussia). The village was abandoned for a long time after the Thirty Years' War, it was only gradually rebuilt. Pechau received its present-day basic shape through the construction of a generous road cross within the almost circular dike wall. In 1671 Pechau owned twelve farms and 19 kossaten farms . In 1707 the 80 meter long bridge of the Klusdamm was renewed. Pechau's wood wealth was plundered for the Silesian Wars and the Seven Years' War against Austria . Frederick II of Prussia the Great had 100,000 oak trees cut in the area. In 1782 there were 275 inhabitants in Pechau.

19th century

In the Napoleonic Wars (in Europe 1796–1815, with Prussia 1806/1807), French troops lay in Pechau in October / November 1806 for the successful siege of Magdeburg. In 1807 Pechau again became a border area. As a result of the Tilsit Peace in 1807, Magdeburg and 1808 the Gommern Office and the East Elbe flood plain opposite were annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia (until 1813). Pechau became the westernmost village in Prussia. Because of the perpetual border disputes, however, the French usually pushed their posts up to the Biederitzer Busch - Königsborn - Gommern line. In the War of Liberation (1813-1815) against Napoleon I Bonaparte of France on April 5, 1813 there was a battle near Möckern . The Klusdamm was defended by the Imperial Guard Division (9 ½ battalions and squadrons, 16 cannons) under Baron Rogeut, which was in Pechau. The numerically superior French were defeated by Prussian-Russian troops and withdrew to Magdeburg. Bridges of the Klusdamm were damaged, the church, houses and the school of Pechau were shot and looted. That was the first victory against the French in the fight for freedom on German soil. The weakly fortified Pechau as the first outpost of the allies was plundered by the French in great overwhelming numbers on November 20, 1813 and again plundered and devastated on December 16, 1813 when the French garrison from Magdeburg, which was enclosed until May 1814, fell out. There was a bitter battle with the Prussian Landwehr near Pechau and Gübs, where the attack was repulsed. Through the Peace of Paris in 1814 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Pechau came to the Prussian Province of Saxony (1815–1944; 1944–1945 Province of Magdeburg and others) with the capital Magdeburg. In 1827 Pechau had 300 residents. In the revolutionary year of 1848 a vigilante group was founded in Pechau. In 1861 Pechau had 523 inhabitants.

Time of the German Empire

Pechau's history during the German Empire (1871–1945) was very changeable. Nothing is known about Pechauer victims in the Prussian-German War (1866) and in the Franco-German War (1870/1871). In the German Empire (1871–1918) the Elbeum flood canal was built from 1871 to 1876, which leads past Pechau. From 1884 to 1885 the rectory and in the same year the Chaussee Prester-Calenberge were built. In 1913 Pechau received electric light. In the First World War fell 16 Pechauer, 1917, the largest of the Pechauer church bells will be melted down for war purposes and only replaced the 1922nd In 1926, Pechau received its village seal in the Weimar Republic . Pechau belonged to the Jerichow I district, later the Jerichow I district with the district town of Burg . On September 30, 1928, the manor district of Forst Pechau was united with the rural community of Pechau, whereby the small enclave within the Magdeburg urban area and the section of the manor district located between the Kreuzhorst and the southeastern tip of the Magdeburg district of Prester were combined with the city of Magdeburg.

During the Third Reich (1933–1945) large parts of the population supported the Nazi regime. In 1933 Pechau had 589 inhabitants. In the Second World War , Pechau was badly affected. In 1943 the smaller of the Pechau church bells was removed and melted down. 90 percent of Pechau was destroyed in a British air raid by the Royal Air Force Bomber Command on January 21, 1944, killing 13 residents. In April 1945, Pechau (although lying in the East Elbe) was further destroyed and occupied in heavy fighting with American raiding troops and by American artillery, bombs and low-flying aircraft. On April 12, 1945 civilian deaths and on April 13, 1945 almost two dozen German soldiers died. 25 to 30 Pechauer died in the war. On May 5, 1945, Pechau was liberated by Soviet troops and incorporated into the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ, 1945-1949). In 1947 Prussia was dissolved by an Allied resolution. Pechau came to the state of Saxony-Anhalt, the SBZ, created in the same year , which was formed in 1946 as the province of Saxony-Anhalt from the main part of the Prussian province of Saxony and the state of Anhalt.

GDR time

From October 7, 1949, Pechau belonged to the state of Saxony-Anhalt of the German Democratic Republic with the state capital Halle (Saale) , which existed until 1952. Then Pechau was incorporated into the Schönebeck district of the Magdeburg district of the GDR. After the war and the founding of the GDR, economic life concentrated on agriculture. The unrest on June 17, 1953 also led to a week-long state of emergency in Pechau. In 1953 the first agricultural production cooperative ( LPG ) was founded in Pechau. In 1958 the property of the Kloster-Berge-Stiftung and the monastery of our dear women in Pechau was expropriated. In 1960, a second LPG was created from the remaining private farms. The two LPGs were the largest employers in Pechau. The population of Pechau fell from 672 in 1946 to around 500 when the Berlin Wall was built in 1961. In 1962, the Pechau forest cemetery was built to replace the full churchyard . The population of Pechau sank to only 389 inhabitants by 1989. At the end of the 1980s a political crisis developed in the GDR that led to the collapse of the socialist order. After the Volkskammer elections on March 18, 1990 and the local elections in May, a democratically elected municipal council began work in Pechau in May 1990.

Since 1990

German reunification took place on October 3, 1990, and the state of Saxony-Anhalt was rebuilt in the Federal Republic of Germany (founded in 1949) from the former GDR districts of Magdeburg and Halle. On July 1, 1994, Pechau was incorporated into the state capital Magdeburg.

In Pechau there was no longer any LPG. Extensive renovation work began on streets, sewers and the community courtyard. The Klusdamm was expanded as a cycle path to Wahlitz . In 1996 the property of the church foundations was returned. In 1997, construction began in Pechau's Brückbusch: the area between the old town center of Pechau and the housing estate on Calenberger Strasse built after the Second World War was built with single-family houses. A new fire station was inaugurated. 1999 saw the inauguration of the new sports store and a floodlight system for the sports field. In 2000 the tower of the Pechau church was restored in its old form and with two bells.

Since October 2001 Pechau can be reached by post under the postcode "D-39114 Magdeburg". In August 2002, Pechau narrowly escaped a flood disaster, the Magdeburg Elbe level at the river bridge only reached 6.71 m instead of the expected 8.75 m. In 2002 the church roof was re-covered, and in 2003 a beach volleyball court was opened. In 2004 Pechau celebrated the 10th anniversary of its incorporation in Magdeburg.

In 2005/06 the St. Thomas Church in Pechau was renovated and reconstructed. In 2006/7 the trench system for flood protection in and around Pechau was upgraded. A new ditch was built from the Pechauer See to the Mühlenkolk. The pools north of Pechau were connected to each other and a connection to the Zipkelebener Gutsteich was established. There the water can drain into the flood channel via a sluice .

Flood protection

Pechau, located in the middle of the Elbe, is largely diked. The crown of the eastern Elbe dike is around 49.0 m in this area; the crown of the western Umflutkanaldeiches at about 49.5 m above sea level. NN. Within this diked area, south of Pechau, is the Alte Elbe, an old arm of the Elbe that is hardly traversed. The distances from the Pechau town center to the Elbe are about 2.5 km, to the Old Elbe about 800 m and to the Umflutkanal about 500 m.

The center of Pechaus is located approximately at an altitude of 47 m above sea level. NN, the deepest areas at 45 m above sea level. NN. The zero point of the Elbe level at the Magdeburg river bridge is 39.9 m above sea level. NN. The highest Elbe water levels were measured there in 1941 with 7.01 m and in 2002 with 6.71 m. From an Elbe level of 5.50 m, the Pretziener weir is opened and the flood canal is flooded. As a result, up to a third of the flood flows east of Pechau and thus also past the entire Magdeburg urban area, and the water level is lowered accordingly.

Pechau is threatened by a dike breach on the Elbe when the Elbe level is over 7 m or a dyke breach on the flood canal and neighbors of the flood dike through seepage water or smoke water . The groundwater level is very high in the local area, so that cellars are always at risk.

Buildings

The cultural monuments in Pechau are listed in the local monument register .

St. Thomas Church

Saint Thomas Church

Post mill Pechau

Klusbrücke

A church was first mentioned in a document in 1221. Today's Protestant St. Thomas Church has a single nave, is essentially late Romanesque and has a half-timbered tower above the west gable and a Baroque south portal with a simple pilaster frame and segmented gable from the end of the 17th century. It is a flat-roofed hall building with eight pointed arch windows, walls made of quarry stone that were later plastered and a choir with a 5/10 end. The interior of the church is simple. It was damaged by bombs in 1944 and by grenades in 1945, but received no direct hits. In 1980 the "Winter Church" was built under the gallery, in 2000 the church tower was renovated and in 2002 the church roof. A complete renovation took place in 2005 and 2006. The church has two bells from 1922 and 2000, the casting date of the older one being incorrectly given as 1921.

Pechauer post mill

The Pechau post mill , built in 1828 and rebuilt after a fire in 1897/1898, was in operation until 1954. Badly dilapidated, it was renovated after 1992 and is now functional again. In an exhibition hall - a 170-year-old half-timbered field barn, which was moved in 2002 - old agricultural equipment is shown. Since 1994 there has been an annual mill festival on the first Sunday in May.

Slavic village and castle hill

Reconstructions of Slavic huts as well as the exhibition The Slavic Settlement of the East Elbe Region from 8th – 12th December can be seen at the community yard in Pechau . Century can be visited. 200 m from the community center is the hill of the historic Slavic castle, the old village , at the eastern end of Breite Straße .

Klusdamm

The Klusdamm on the northern edge of Pechau was an important trade and post route that crossed the marshy Elbe and from Magdeburg via Wahlitz , Gommern , Leitzkau , Zerbst to Wittenberg or via the old military road Magdeburg-Brandenburg to Ziesar and Brandenburg an der Havel and from there continued to Berlin . As early as the 10th century it was used by armies moving east. The most important west-east connection in the Magdeburg area for centuries did not bring Pechau any economic advantages. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Flemish built the Klusdamm as the only flood-proof crossing over the Elbe-Ehle lowland as the main route from Magdeburg past Pechau to the east. With a length of 7600 m, a width of almost 6 m and a heaped height of 2.5 m, it had up to ten stone and 35 wooden bridges and was paved. The "Long Bridge" near Pechau (near the Kolke near the mill) built in 1571 even had eight large vaults with a total length of 80 meters. The preserved stone Klusbrücke over the Ehle still testifies to the size of the Klusdamm . The village of Gröneberg (abandoned in the early Middle Ages) and even a castle where Archbishop Albrecht I of Magdeburg (1205–1232) was held prisoner for a short time in 1209 were located here in the Pechau, Klus and Gübs corners . The dam had lost its importance after the destruction in the war of liberation, the construction of the Cracauer weir and the Berliner Chaussee around 1819/1820. Today the Klusdamm is used as a cycling and hiking trail.

Others

In Pechau there are two restaurants, one with guest rooms, both with a beer garden. For the Mill Festival, the German Mill Day and Ascension Day there is a catering service at the mill. There is a grocery store. In addition to the church cemetery, Pechau has a new cemetery and a sports field. Pechau has two children's playgrounds and a kindergarten, the Pechau school children attend schools in Magdeburg. Despite the abundance of water, there are no official tent and swimming facilities in the immediate vicinity of Pechau, but there are many fishing spots (permit required). You can skate on the paths along Calenberger Straße and fly kites on the flood canal in autumn. The annual Easter bonfire, which attracts many visitors, also takes place here. None of the Pechau sights, with the exception of the exhibition "The Slavonic Settlement", are handicapped accessible. A black stag runs in the yellow coat of arms.

Personalities

• Heinrich Rathmann (1750–1821), educator, historian and Protestant pastor. Rathmann was pastor and teacher in Pechau from 1793 to 1821 and died here.

The university professor Adolf Lingener (* 1933) was local mayor of Pechau for many years.

Web links

Commons : Pechau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homepage Pechau

Individual evidence

1. ↑ District catalog of the Office for Statistics
2. ↑ Administrative region of Magdeburg (Ed.): Official Gazette of the Government of Magdeburg . 1928, ZDB -ID 3766-7 , p. 202 .
3. ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office.