Königsborn (Biederitz)
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Königsborn
municipality Biederitz
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| Height : | 45 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 5.31 km² |
| Residents : | 489 (Jan 1, 2019) |
| Population density : | 92 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 2010 |
| Postal code : | 39175 |
| Area code : | 039292 |
Königsborn is a district of the municipality of Biederitz in the Jerichower Land district in Saxony-Anhalt .
geography
Königsborn is about ten kilometers east of Magdeburg , between a range of dunes and floodplains of the Elbe . The Königsborner Flur consists exclusively of medium-quality agricultural land.
In terms of natural space , the district of the place belongs to the north German lowlands and to two different landscapes. The main town and all western parts belong to the Elbe-Elster lowlands . All parts to the east of Faulen Graben , including the Neu Königsborn settlement , are part of the Zerbster Land . Both landscapes are open cultivated arable landscapes and the latter also forms the southwestern roof of the Fläming to the Elbe. The entire district is part of the Elbe catchment area.
The federal road 184 (towards Zerbst – Dessau) and the federal road 246 (towards Möckern – Belzig) forks in the village . The town also has a train station on the Biederitz – Trebnitz line , and trains on the Magdeburg - Dessau - Leipzig regional express line stop here every hour.
history
Archaeological finds from the Neolithic and Iron Age show that people settled in the area of the later Königsborn as early as these epochs. Gerfridus and Heinricus de Cuningesborne were mentioned for the first time in a document from Archbishop Wichmann of Magdeburg from around 1164. The place name changed to Konigsborne at the beginning of the 13th century (1205). The names are obviously derived from the location of a spring that can still be found today near the old manor house in Königsborn. According to a village legend, a king traveling through with his retinue is said to have opened the source.
In the course of the 14th century, the place was abandoned by its residents and fell into disrepair. That was also the time when sources last reported about the von Königsborn family. A hundred years later, the Lorenz Monastery from Magdeburg Neustadt built an estate on the desert area, from which the later district of Alt Königsborn developed. The monastery property later became a manor, with which the von Alvensleben family was initially enfeoffed, and which then quickly changed hands. One of the landowners from 1575 to 1579 is Colonel von Ziegesar, who rewards richly for his military service and built a Renaissance castle on the estate . It was destroyed during the Thirty Years War , but then rebuilt.
In the middle of the 18th century, Christoph Goßler was the squire of Alt Königsborn. In 1767 he set up a silk factory in the castle, in which he had twenty foreign spinner families work, making him one of the pioneers of industrialization in rural areas. As a replacement for his repurposed castle, Goßler built a new rococo-style castle one kilometer to the east , which was completed in 1770, thus establishing the district of Neu Königsborn. In 1779 the silk factory had to be declared bankrupt. At the end of the 18th century the Königsborn estate was owned by the privy councilor von Gansauge , after which his daughter, Countess Chasot, was the owner.
On August 21, 1813, as part of the Wars of Liberation, there was a battle near Königsborn , in which outnumbered French troops fought against Prussian troops. The aim of the French troops at a strength of 12,000 men under General Gerard was the thrust of Magdeburg in the direction of Berlin, the Prussian troops under Major General zu Putlitz tried to block this. The Prussian contingent consisted of the 6th Kurmärk Landwehr Infantry Regiment, reinforced by a squadron of Landwehr cavalry and the 4th Battalion of the later Line Regiment No. 13 . As a result, the Prussian troops withdrew to Burg and the Prussian king left Berlin.
The agricultural use remained in Alt Königsborn, in the 19th century, when the number of inhabitants doubled, 480 hectares of land belonged to the estate. It is the century of political upheaval and technical progress. After Königsborn belonged to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia from 1807 to 1814 , it returned to Prussia after the Congress of Vienna and was incorporated into the Jerichow I district. In 1834, the Magdeburg entrepreneur Johann Gottlob Nathusius acquired the estate and castle, and after his death his son, the farmer and scientist Wilhelm Engelhard von Nathusius took over both. The facility remained in the possession of Nathusius until 1888.
Around 1880 the road leading through Neu Königsborn from Magdeburg to Zerbst was expanded and in 1874 the Königsborner train station on the Magdeburg - Zerbst line was inaugurated. Königsborn was connected to the railway network of that time later than other places in the region. In the same year the federal highway 184 , which has a similar course as the railway line, was completed. The actual village settlement was not built until after the First World War . The building contractor and architect Wilhelm Meimart, based in Königsborn at the time, played a decisive role in the creation of living space.
On September 30, 1928 the manor district Königsborn was converted into a rural municipality Königsborn.
The district of Alt Königsborn has been threatened by flood situations more frequently in its history due to its proximity to the Elbe and Ehle rivers. Historical water levels from 1940/41, 1954 and 2002 should be mentioned here.
During National Socialism , the Army Armored Production Office was located in Königsborn from 1935. It was bombed and destroyed by units of the United States Army Air Forces on May 28, 1944 . Königsborn was also hit during the air raid on Magdeburg on January 16, 1945 .
The changes after the Second World War were profound : On May 5, 1945, Königsborn was overrun by Soviet troops on their march against Magdeburg. The castle in Neu Königsborn became a retirement home. The still intact part of the former Heerespanzzeugamt was used by the Red Army , while the destroyed part was made available to the Deutsche Reichsbahn . Parts of the barracks were used by Hermann Kleist for wooden buildings and carpentry. Due to the population increase after the war, the cemetery that was shared with the neighboring community of Menz and also located there became too small. Therefore, a separate one was created, on which the first burials were carried out in 1947. An accompanying chapel was inaugurated at Christmas 1951. With the GDR territorial reform of 1952, Königsborn came to the Burg district. From 1953 the agricultural areas of the village were used by a cooperative and later became part of the large LPG " Ernst Thälmann ". In 1959 Königsborn received the annual award "Most beautiful village in the Magdeburg district".
Since 1990 Königsborn has belonged to the district of Burg, which merged with the district of Genthin to form the district of Jerichower Land in 1994. Agriculture is now in the hands of an agricultural cooperative. In addition, dealers in natural and artificial stones, cars and tires and a company for metal constructions, a sandblasting company and one for roller shutters operate their business. Deutsche Bahn has been operating a training center for the specialist field of railway construction in Königsborn since 1994. The castle of Alt Königsborn has disappeared from the townscape; Listed barrel vaults of the original castle are located in the area of the culture house. The castle in Neu Königsborn stands empty and is left to decay. The former farmhouses have taken on the appearance of private homes, and a number of single-family houses have been added.
In 2017 the Neu Königsborn Castle was extensively renovated. Partial measures were taken to preserve the listed building and make it accessible to the public.
From 2005 to 2009, Königsborn was part of the Biederitz-Möser administrative community based in Möser . Königsborn was an independent municipality until December 31, 2009. On January 1, 2010, Königsborn was incorporated into the unified community of Biederitz.
politics
mayor
The last mayor of the Königsborn community was Hilmar Graßhoff and the first local mayor of the Biederitz community was Königsborn.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved in 2000 by the Magdeburg Regional Council.
Blazon : "In blue under a floating golden crown, a round, black-contoured silver field stone fountain with a knobbed, conical spindle roof resting on three stakes and a blue water mirror."
The colors of Königsborn are silver (white) - blue.
The coat of arms is a so-called speaking coat of arms : the golden crown symbolizes the relationship to the king, the silver fountain house the Born.
The coat of arms was designed by the Magdeburg heraldist Ernst Albrecht Fiedler.
Agriculture
Königsborn has always been shaped by agriculture in its history. The first steam plow in Prussia was tested here in 1863/64 . Up until the end of the Second World War there was a successful horse and cattle breeding business here with the Otto Düben family. When the manor was up for sale in 1905, it was economically very successful. At that time it covered 500 hectares and was acquired by the August Naue family.
As a result of the land reform agreed in 1945 by the Allied war winners in the Potsdam Agreement , the landowner of Königsborn was also expropriated in 1946, the land was relocated to 35 new farmers and the two castles were made public property. After the expropriations in the post-war period, a machine lending station (MAS) was founded in February 1949 to make it easier for the new farmers to do business. In 1950 agricultural yields had still not reached pre-war levels. In 1953 an LPG type 1 was founded in Königsborn. In 1956 the MAS was converted into a machine-tractor station (MTS). In 1957, after three years of existence, only a third of the original members belonged to the LPG, which is why a type 3 LPG with more means of production was founded that year. It was named "Morgenrot" and its first chairman was Alfons Piatkowski. In 1958 the number of members was higher again, only two of the new farmers had not yet joined the LPG. A lot has been invested in the new LPG, such as B. for a plant for tobacco drying. So the yields increased, although there was a lack of some modern harvesting machinery that was adequate. In 1960, the MTS, whose tractor drivers had also become LPG members, became the repair technical station and in 1964 the district operation for agricultural technology, to which around 150 employees belonged. The site of the company has been used by an automobile workshop since 1989. Three parking halls were also used by the Königsborn volunteer fire brigade from 2005 to the end of 2011 during the renovation of the fire station. Also in 1960 the large LPG "Ernst Thälmann" was formed from the individual cooperatives of the villages of Königsborn, Nedlitz , Woltersdorf and Büden . It covered 2,600 hectares of land and had corresponding livestock. In the 1970s, the large LPG was divided into LPG plant production in Königsborn and LPG animal production in Königsborn. Both farms included all four villages. After the turning point in 1990, the LPG animal production was closed. The agricultural cooperative Königsborn eG entered the LPG plant production as legal successor, which now cultivates 3.8% of the arable land in the Jerichower Land . The precipitation in this area is relatively low at 507.2 l / m². The generally stony soils are also problematic for agriculture. In terms of transport, the cooperative's farmed fields are well connected. Most of the land is leased.
Industry
Since the 1950s, the industry in Königsborn has always been shaped by the track maintenance companies that were located on the site of the former armored personnel carrier. After the fall of the wall, the track construction could continue to exist, albeit in a shrunken form. The construction mechanics Magdeburg, seat in Königsborn, also to be mentioned, was founded on January 1st, 1964 and employed around 650 people at the time of reunification, more than the village had inhabitants at the time. The extensive development of the company in Königsborn began in 1972 with a massive expansion, at that time around 430 people were employed there. Baumechanik GmbH Königsborn has existed since 1990, but no longer produces itself, but makes its halls and systems available.
Trade and commerce
Until 1945 there was a steel merchant in Königsborn called Pechau, master shoemaker Wiese, specialist dealer Lorenz, Hermann Neumann's shop, Mr. Keddig's agricultural products trade and a bakery owned by the Meimart family. There was also a post office, two garden centers and three catering establishments. During the GDR era, the bakery became a consumer , albeit in a different place. The shop area was then regularly expanded in many steps. In addition, many of Königsborn's citizens used the » Russian magazine « at the Red Army base for shopping. Victor Mühlbauer continued to operate the old forge on the LPG farm. There was also a laundry service, a SERO acceptance point and a post office. Helene Baatge was the head of the first buying-up point to which the new farmers had to bring their produce because of the delivery requirement clause contained in the land reform. This trade existed until 1990. Since 1990 the Koenigsborn industrial landscape has been characterized primarily by a tire trade, an engineering office for energy consultancy, a company for building elements, a company for large fireworks and pyrotechnics, a flower shop and a service for home nursing.
Upbringing and education in Königsborn
In 1961 the crèche was moved from the neighboring town of Gübs to Königsborn. She came to a building that was previously inhabited by the Fritz Müller family and the site of which was later to house a school. Only 15 children could be accommodated in the small rooms. So that the school could then be built, the crib had to move into a former restaurant in 1970, which offered more space than the old premises. A first harvest kindergarten was opened in Königsborn as early as 1950 . The kindergarten was soon operated all year round and could only be insufficiently enlarged after the Hofbauer family moved out. 20 to 30 children found a free place here. Between 1950 and 1982 almost every Königsborn child went to this garden. 1970 to 1990 the local track construction was the sponsor of the facility. Many new settlements of young families made it necessary to move to a larger new building in the early 1980s. A new day nursery was opened in 1990. The kindergarten established its annual spring festival as a folk festival since 1993. After the fall of the Wall , the community itself was responsible for childcare in both facilities, which led to financial difficulties. There was also a sharp decline in the birth rate. In 1990 there were 100 preschool children in care, in 2005 there were only 60 who came from different villages. After the introduction of compulsory schooling by Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I , education increased throughout the country. For 1830, documents from that time show that the von Gansauge family employed a teacher. A school teacher was also mentioned, who probably taught all the village children in a simple room. In the middle of the 19th century, the then landowner von Nathusius built a school building. During and after the Second World War, Königsborn, like most parishes, was affected by missed lessons and a shortage of teachers every now and then. When many refugees came to the region after the war , several teachers had to be hired for the first time. In 1950/51 the school building was expanded due to another lack of space. This school existed until 1972, when the newly built “General 10-Class Polytechnic Oberschule” opened, which from 1974 was called “Oberschule Ernst Thälmann”. The restructuring of the school system after reunification made it a secondary school with a larger catchment area. Further centralization due to demographic change led to the closure of the school in Königsborn in July 2003. The Königsborn country school was built at the beginning of the 20th century and was used as such until 1972. The achievements of the school administration at the time in KB, Menz, Wahlitz and Woltersdorf are also worth mentioning. Especially the headmaster after the reunification. For years, Walter Tarrach (headmaster from 1991 to 1999) successfully prevented the closure of the secondary school.
Culture
The former owner of the castle in Alt Königsborn, Goßler, set up an inn in the building in the 18th century. It remained a popular destination until the Second World War. After the war, the leisure center, now known as the "Kulturhaus", received a hall with a stage and various additions and developed into the center of cultural village life. Since 1990 it has been left to decay. For the castle in Neu Königsborn, too, there has not yet been a feasible plan of use. Since the year 2000 the infrastructure in Königsborn has been renovated with the help of subsidies.
leisure
In the summer of 1918, the landlord formed the first Königsborn fire brigade from his staff . Immediately after the Second World War there was no longer any fire service. This deficiency was remedied in 1948 with the formation of a young fire brigade, which from 1950 gave itself the name " FDJ " -Löschgruppe and existed until December 31, 2009 as the Königsborn volunteer fire brigade. As a result of the incorporation of Königsborn into the unitary community of Biederitz, the Königsborn volunteer fire department became part of the Biederitz volunteer fire department / Königsborn local group.
Since the establishment of the LPG “Morgenrot” in 1957, there has been a resurgence in equestrian sport, which is still part of “Der Reitverein Königsborn 1990 e. V. “is present.
In 1964 the local "Small Animal Breeding Association G 829, Königsborn und Umgebung e. V. “founded. The club's greatest successes in breeding by Erwin Lütten, Horst Sawallisch, Erika Zickuhr and Gerald Eisenhut all date back to the 1970s. The club still existed in 2005.
In 1990/91 a senior citizens' club was founded, which in the first 15 years of its existence always had an almost constant number of 50 members. Since 2004 there is also a senior gymnastics group, which is trained by Annett Leloup.
On May 1st, 2004 a new youth club was opened.
There are also numerous swimming opportunities in the vicinity of Königsborn. In the adjacent areas you can find the once rare Elbe beaver and the sand martin .
Elbe flood in 2002
The citizens of Königsborn were particularly affected by the Elbe flood in 2002 , which affected parts of Alt Königsborn. A lot of water came into the village, especially after a sluice break in Heyrothsberge . Hundreds of helpers set up sandbag barriers. After the flood, those affected received numerous donations.
Personalities
The most famous poet who ever stayed in Königsborn was Hoffmann von Fallersleben , who stayed in the place at the invitation of Wilhelm Engelhard von Nathusius. He also wrote some poems here, e.g. B. "Elschen" in 1847.
During the period of National Socialism Hermann Neumann was mayor.
In the period from 1945 to 1990 mayors were:
- Mr. Pechau
- Herr Schmidt
- Mr. Bonitz
- Mr. Wiehe
- Mr. Stadler
- Mr. Lammich
- Mr. Stegelitz
- Mr. Jungmann
- Mr. Selugga
From reunification to incorporation, mayors were:
- Dietrich Siegel
- Kurt Brocks
- Holger Paschke
- Hilmar Graßhoff
Since the incorporation there have been the following local mayors:
- Hilmar Graßhoff
- Frank Leubner
Margarete Mattis, who has often represented the mayor in her long career, which began in the GDR , has also rendered services to Königsborner local politics .
As a long-time school director, Fritz Köppen made a great contribution to the education and construction of the former school location. When the new school was built in the early 1970s, Königsborn became an important school location. The school director Walter Tarrach knew how to prevent the school in Königsborn from being closed for a long time.
See also
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments, Saxony-Anhalt I. German Art Publishing House , ISBN 3-422-03069-7
- Magdeburg and its surroundings (= values of our homeland . Volume 19). 3. Edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1981.
- 800 years of Königsborn - local history.
Web links
- Königsborn on gemeinde-biederitz.de
- Königsborn local council on gemeinde-biederitz.de
swell
- ↑ Municipality of Biederitz - Ordnungsverwaltung (Ed.): Population figures for the unit municipality of Biederitz - as of 01.01.2019 . 29 January 2019.
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Theodor von Brand: The Liberation War of 1813, 1814 and 1815 , Volume 1. Breslau 1842, pp. 323-324.
- ^ "Www.nathusius.org" ( Memento from March 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Family Association of the Families of Nathusius and Nathusius eV), accessed on January 3, 2016.
- ↑ Administrative region of Magdeburg (Ed.): Official Gazette of the Government of Magdeburg . 1928, ZDB -ID 3766-7 , p. 202 .
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 01 to December 31, 2010
Biederitz | Gerwisch | Gübs | Heyrothsberge | Königsborn | Woltersdorf