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Magdeburg
Salbke
district of Magdeburg
Alt Olvenstedt Alte Neustadt Altstadt Barleber See Berliner Chaussee Beyendorfer Grund Beyendorf-Sohlen Brückfeld Buckau Cracau Diesdorf Fermersleben Gewerbegebiet Nord Großer Silberberg Herrenkrug Hopfengarten Industriehafen Kannenstieg Kreuzhorst Leipziger Straße Lemsdorf Neu Olvenstedt Neue Neustadt Neustädter Feld Neustädter See Magdeburg-Nordwest Ottersleben Pechau Prester Randau-Calenberge Reform Rothensee Salbke Stadtfeld Ost Stadtfeld West Sudenburg Sülzegrund Werder Westerhüsen ZipkelebenMagdeburg, administrative districts, Salbke location.svg
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Basic data
Surface: 7.7427  km²
Residents : 4387
Population density : 567 inhabitants per km²
(Information as of December 31, 2016)
Coordinates : 52 ° 5 ′  N , 11 ° 40 ′  E Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 35 "  N , 11 ° 40 ′ 6"  E
Districts / Districts: Alt Salbke
Unterhorstweg
industrial area Salbke
Lüttgen Salbke
Friedrich-List-Strasse
Am Spionskopf
Fahlberg-List
Sohlener Berge
Postal code : 39122
Tram lines : 2 8
Bus routes : 58
Salbke's landmark - the Salbker water tower
View from the Elbe meadows to the Salbker town center
Street Alt Salbke
Former railway settlement

Salbke is a south-eastern district of Magdeburg , located directly on the Elbe , with an area of ​​7.7427 km² and 4,387 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016) in Saxony-Anhalt .

geography

The Elbe forms the eastern border of the district, the lowest point of which on the banks of the Elbe is 47 meters and, with the 81.4 meter high spy head , reaches its highest point on the Sohlener Mountains . In the vicinity of the Sohlener Berge there are also the areas of the field known as cat intestines and bread rolls. The district of Fermersleben connects to the north of Hermannstrasse , in the south Salbke extends to the Welsleber and Thüringer Strasse in the district of Westerhüsen and in the west the districts of Hopfengarten and Beyendorf-Sohlen border, separated by the railway line to Halberstadt and the Sülze- River . In the further course the Sülze crosses the district in an easterly direction and finally flows there into the Elbe. While residential development developed along the Alt Salbke thoroughfare, on the other side of the railway line to Leipzig, apart from the Lüttgen-Salbke and Wolfsfelde settlements and a few other small residential streets, there are agricultural areas.

To the north of Salbke lie the lakes Salbker See I and Salbker See II on the Fermersleber district .

Infrastructure

Apart from the industrial area of ​​the former Karl Liebknecht plant and the Reichsbahn repair shop, Salbke is purely a residential area. There are multi-storey tenement houses along the Alt Salbke street, while the old village center around the St. Gertraud Church is made up of small parts with one or two-storey houses. Salbke is connected to the Magdeburg tram network and has a train station on the Magdeburg – Leipzig railway line , on which S-Bahn traffic is also handled.

There are eleven allotment garden associations in the district (as of 2013).

history

Prehistoric times

Salbke is one of the oldest settlement areas in Magdeburg. The gravel quarrying on the Elbe unearthed numerous finds, whose origins go back to the Paleolithic Age (200,000 years BC). To the north of the village in the area of ​​the monastery there were remains of the Neolithic Funnel Beaker culture . One of the most remarkable finds is a bronze spiral plate fibula (clothing fastener ) from 1500 BC. In 1944, a 53.2 cm long kidney pommel sword was found during gravel mining on Unterhorstweg . The bronze sword has a greenish- brown moor patina and a profiled blade. The discovery of the millstones from Salbke also became known. The millstones found in the Salbke gravel works at a depth of twelve meters. The millstones from the first half of the first millennium were found with their original wooden tenons and connecting pieces, so that their function could be understood. The stones could then be adjusted so that different coarse flour could be ground.

middle Ages

As Salt beke the place for the first time in the Corveyer traditions mentioned the years 826-853 in writing. The name should have the meaning of Salzbach and refer to the salty brawn flowing through the place. The assumption has also been made that the Salzbach originally did not mean the brawn. After that, there would have been a stream earlier, when the main river of the Elbe flowed further east, which flowed from the region around Barby via Zackmünde , Schönebeck , Frohse , Westerhüsen to Salbke and merged with the brawn at Salbke and finally at Buckau to flow into the Elbe. In some cases it was also assumed that the designation goes back to the Anglo-Saxon word “salu” for dark or blackish and possibly reflects the color of the brawn. Salbke belonged to Northern Thuringia . In 1036 and 1247 a later abandoned place of Wendish origin is mentioned as Winediscum Salebizi or Slavium Salbeke for Klein- or Wendisch Salbke . In order to distinguish it from this place Salbke was sometimes referred to as Deutsch-Salbke or Gross-Salbke .

Salbker real estate must have been very profitable in the early Middle Ages, as a number of monasteries generated income here. In 936 the Quedlinburg Abbey received the ninth part of the feudal income from Otto I. With a document dated September 21, 937 Otto Salbetse donated the Magdeburg Mauritius Monastery . In 1015, Archbishop Gero brought 10 Hufen Land and the Kreuzhorstwald into the possession of the Magdeburg Convent of Our Lady . In 1189 Ludolf II von Dassel sold eight Hufen to this monastery in Salbke. That same year, had Monastery Münzenberg in Goslar Land in Salbke with a dairy farm and a Freihof and finally the part monastery Sion Mountain in Quedlinburg a Vorwerk in Salbke. In the centuries that followed, the Liebfrauenkloster became the largest landowner in the village. Remains of the Salbke monastery near the Elbe are still there today. Salbke had had its own church since 1018, which the Magdeburg Bishop Thietmar had consecrated. Already in the 12th century there was a watermill founded by the monastery of Our Dear Women on the Sülze , which was called Klostermühle Salbke . The mill was located roughly at the point where the Magdeburg-Leipzig railway crosses the Sülze. Later the vicariate mill was built further upstream .

The street Thieberg indicates that there was a court in Salbke in the Middle Ages. This is also proven by a report from 1233, in which it is mentioned that the author of the Sachsenspiegel Eike von Repgow appeared as a witness in a court settlement in Salbke, in which a contract was signed between the Margraves Johann and Otto von Brandenburg and the abbot of the St. Johann monastery was closed over the village of Billingsdorf . At that time Salbke was the seat of the Vice-County , which belonged to the Imperial County of Billingshage. The vice counts of Dornburg held court here.

In 1213 the Magdeburg region was involved in fighting between Emperor Otto IV and the Archbishop of Magdeburg Albrecht I von Käfernburg . After the emperor had faked his army to flee from Osterweddingen on June 11, 1213 , he defeated Albrecht at Remkersleben . While Albrecht fled to Berge monastery , Otto IV moved into a camp near Salbke and burned the surrounding villages. Then Otto moved to Braunschweig .

Modern times

During the Schmalkaldic War , parts of Salbke, including the monastery property, were destroyed. In particular, a dispute in the course of the siege of Magdeburg in 1550/1551 has been handed down. On December 4, 1550, the Magdeburg troops made a sortie unnoticed at night and sailed on the Elbe with ships between the camps of the besiegers in Cracau and Buckau . Completely surprisingly, they attacked the Salbke in the hinterland of the besiegers. The monastery courtyard was looted and set on fire, and the crew captured.

In 1564 Salbke had 38 landlords, which could have corresponded to a population of around 270 people. During the Thirty Years' War there was also destruction in the place and great hardship. In the course of the siege and destruction of the city of Magdeburg in 1631 by imperial troops , the imperial general Gottfried Heinrich zu Pappenheim judged on 21/22. March 1631 a strong battery at Salbke. Even before that, however, there were already larger troop contingents on site. Pappenheim reported in a letter dated December 21, 1630 that Colonel Lothar Dietrich von Bönninghausen was on site with 500 cavalrymen and 600 infantrymen . Even after Magdeburg fell on May 20, 1631, there was further fighting. On January 7, 1632, during a Swedish siege of the city of Magdeburg, which was still held by imperial troops, the Swedish general Johan Banér set up his headquarters in Salbke. He entered Magdeburg on January 21, 1632. James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton , who is also in Swedish service, was also based in Salbke during this period. After the withdrawal of the imperial troops after the destruction, 17 men and a total of two muskets were reported for Salbke on the occasion of a draft in 1632 . Horses and wagons were no longer there.

James Hamilton

Magdeburg was besieged again as early as 1636. This time by Saxon troops under Elector Johann Georg I , who wanted to regain the Magdeburg Archbishopric for his son August, and imperial units under the leadership of Melchior von Hatzfeld . Elector Johann Georg I first set up his headquarters in Westerhüsen and then relocated it to Salbke. Magdeburg surrendered on July 3, 1636.

The effects of the Thirty Years' War lingered on. While agriculture was practiced in neighboring Westerhüsen in 1647, the fields in Salbke were not cultivated. In a report from 1650 it is said that the parish of the place has been vacant for 20 years because no residents live there . For the year 1696 200 inhabitants are given for Salbke.

Salbke has been the victim of major fires several times. On the night of March 20-21, 1702, almost the entire village burned down during a storm. Three of the town's barns have been preserved. Another major fire occurred on the night of December 10, 1735. This time the cloister courtyard , which had been spared in 1702, was particularly affected. Fanned by a storm, the fire spread quickly. One resident was accused of arson and was vigilantly executed. He was tied to a stake north of the Sülze, in the area where the Kuhanger meets today's main street Alt Salbke , and burned. The stake was visible for a long time. The region was named longer than on the Brandepahl .

Salbke's population increased from 300 in 1725, over 350 in 1750 and 393 in 1775 to 514 in 1800.

On October 22, 1806, French troops also occupied Salbke as they marched on Magdeburg fortress . They first set up camp in Fermersleben. During the beginning of the French occupation, Salbke belonged to the canton of Sudenburg in the Magdeburg district of the Elbe department in the Kingdom of Westphalia . In November 1813, Russian troops allied with Prussia occupied the region and ended Napoleonic rule. However, until May 1814, the French held the northern fortress of Magdeburg occupied, from where they repeatedly made attacks in the area. Once a detachment and thus only a smaller division penetrated as far as Salbke, but was driven out again after about 10 minutes.

Another major fire occurred on the night of March 7th to 8th, 1826. The fire broke out on the farm of Ackermann Brandt, the largest farm in the village. The courtyard in the area of ​​today's Kyffhäuserstraße / Repkowstraße burned down completely. The exact origin of the fire is unclear. It has been suggested that while a cow was calving, a servant inattentively knocked over a lantern. Three farmhands who tried to save the animals were killed when the barn collapsed. Strong southwest wind carried the fire on. The neighboring village fire brigades came to the rescue. Including the fire brigade from Langenweddingen, which is further away . The fire was so strong that even in Barby the night watchman gave a fire alarm and it was assumed there that neighboring pommels were burning. A total of 29 farms burned down. When the town was rebuilt, the development was partially restructured. Roads were straightened and widened. A new residential area was created in the area of the Gänseanger , in whose area the Catholic Church stands today. Smaller fires, which only affected a few courtyards, occurred later on December 6, 1853 and January 9, 1863.

Despite the major fire of 1826, which destroyed large parts of the village, Salbke had developed into one of the wealthiest places in the Wanzleben district , to which it had belonged since the Prussian territorial reform of 1815, by the middle of the 19th century . In 1828 the existence of lime kilns was described for Salbke . The development of the place now also took place along the Heerstraße Magdeburg-Schönebeck, which previously only passed west of the village, today's Alt-Salbke street. The Magdeburg government asked the Salbke community to pave and maintain this street. Salbke refused and referred to the character of an army road that was to be maintained by the higher authorities. The government paved the road itself, but then collected the costs from the community. This complained against this and was ultimately able to prevail over three instances with the final judgment of January 19, 1855. Nevertheless, the district administrator of the Wanzleben district issued a police ordinance on August 13, 1857, with which the weekly cleaning of the street was imposed on the residents. Several refusing landowners were charged with violating police regulations, but were acquitted in both instances.

In 1865 the medieval church was demolished and replaced by a neo-Gothic building. The population rose from 413 in 1781 to 614 in 1818 to 854 in 1840. 851 of these were Protestant and 3 were Catholic. With 34 farmers, the place was mainly agricultural, in addition, shipping and the timber industry were important in the Kreuzhorst. In the middle of the 19th century the management of the monastery was stopped. The previously existing monastery ferry across the Elbe ceased operations, but was then replaced by the Salbke ferry .

In the work of the botanist Paul Ascherson published in 1864 on the flora in the Magdeburg area, several finds in the Salbke area are also described. The occurrence of the calyx stone herb on fields near Salbke, the real marshmallow on the brawn near Salbke, the Italian pointed burdock "Below Salbke" and the spotted and star knapweed on the road to Fermersleben are listed.

In the period of the 1860s it was suspected that rock salt deposits at Salbke could be located at a shallower depth than at Schönebeck . A test well was therefore carried out in 1867. In the end, however, there was no rock salt extraction in Salbke.

From October 1, 1879 Salbke belonged to the judicial district of the newly formed Buckau District Court .

industrialization

Building complex at the main entrance to Fahlberg-List
St. Johann Baptist Church

A change occurred when industrialization began to have an impact in Magdeburg and the surrounding area at the end of the 19th century. In 1886, the Fahlberg-List saccharine plant was built south of the village . In the same year a compulsory fire brigade with initially seven members was formed, which was increased to 13 people in 1903 and finally converted to a voluntary fire brigade with 33 members on May 8, 1903 . Today Salbke does not have its own volunteer fire brigade, but belongs to the area of ​​the Magdeburg Southeast volunteer fire brigade based in Westerhüsen.

Salbke gas plant, around 1900
a former factory building on Unterhorstweg, 2011

In the north-west of Salbke, the Prussian State Railways built the Salbke Royal Railway Main Workshop in 1892 , which developed into one of the largest production facilities for the railway. On March 18, 1895, 15 people founded the Salbker House Owners Association , which later became part of the Magdeburg House and Landowners Association. The Adler-Apotheke Südost opened on July 7, 1895 at Hadmersleber Strasse 11 . The license for this was granted on August 17, 1894. In 1898 a gas works was built to supply Salbke and Westerhüsen. The gas establishment was operated by the Gas-Anstalt-Actien-Gesellschaft at Neuer Ottersleber Weg 2 . Around 1900 a Johann Brandt from Bremen held the board. Other factories that existed in Salbke at this time were the Dörries glassworks and the soap works of Dr. Carl Schmidt on Unterhorstweg . Due to the need for labor associated with industrialization, the number of inhabitants rose to 2,986 by 1900.

The building at Anstaltstrasse 8 served as the Salbke parish hall.

All parts of the Salbke estate district west of the Elbe were assigned to the municipality on April 1, 1903, until then the estate area as a manor was not part of the Salbke municipality.

The old school Salbke was no longer sufficient for the increasing number of pupils, so that from 1904 the building of today's elementary school Salbke was built. From March 1905, the R. Wolf machine works built a new plant north of the main railway workshop, later the SKL. In the same year, a new cemetery was built west of the place with the Salbke cemetery. In 1909 the construction of the Catholic St. Johann Baptist Church began . People of the Jewish faith belonged to the Schönebeck synagogue community at least in the 19th century .

In the area between today's Gröninger Strasse and the Salbke old school , an annual fair took place.

In 1910 the Gartenstadt-Kolonie Reform, founded in 1908, tried to acquire a piece of land for the construction of a housing estate in the Salbke district. On March 13, 1910, a corresponding contract was prepared with the monastery of Our Dear Women as the property owner. On a site plan drawn up by the City of Magdeburg in 1910 for the area of ​​garden city development in the south of Magdeburg , an area south of Ottersleber Strasse, in the area today bounded by Ottweiler and Saarbrücker Strasse, was designated as the area for the “Reform” colony . Ultimately, however, the contract was not concluded. The settlement was created as today's Alt-Reform in the Reform district .

Incorporation

On April 1, 1910 Salbke was incorporated into the city of Magdeburg, whereby the East Elbe Kreuzhorst was assigned to the Jerichow I district . In the preliminary negotiations begun in 1906, Magdeburg had undertaken to run an electric suburban railway to Salbke and to lay new supply lines for energy and water. It took ten years to implement the commitments. A clause was also agreed in the incorporation agreement, according to which the slaughterhouse obligation for Salbke , which is common in the urban area , was suspended until March 31, 1925. The decision in the Salbker municipal council to incorporate was made on October 4, 1909 with 11 to 1 votes. In the course of the incorporation, streets were also renamed Salbke in order to avoid double naming in the city. The Schönebecker Straße became Alt Salbke , the Bahnhofsstraße became Welsleber Straße , which today, however, belongs to Westerhüsen. From the field road which initially was Metzer road that later in flowers Straße was renamed. The name of Kirchstrasse was first changed to Marienburger Strasse and later to Greifenhagener Strasse . The pitcher street became the Kyffhäuser road that morning road to Wörther Straße and then to Kroppenstedter road . The Wilhelmstrasse was renamed several times and was named after the incorporation initially Bülowstrasse and today Oschersleber road . The street An der Sülze was given the new name Gröninger Straße .

The mobilization for World War I , which took place on August 1, 1914, was also welcomed by the people of Salbk. Billeting was carried out on August 4, 1914 . On August 13, 1915, an explosion occurred during a thunderstorm on the premises of Wolf AG, which also operates as an armaments company, which injured three people. Grenade fragments were hurled into the Kreuzhorst. In 1916, diphtheria occurred more and more among children in the southeastern districts of Magdeburg.

On January 24, 1920, at a meeting of association representatives, it was decided to erect a memorial stone for the approximately 150 Salbkes who had fallen. It should be created as a simple boulder on Sülzeplatz. A committee was elected to implement it. To alleviate the food shortage, efforts were made to assign underutilized fields to needy families as potato fields. On January 8, 1921, Frida Wulff , a member of the USPD's Reichstag , spoke in Salbke on political issues and commented on the reasons for her party's non-government participation.

Lüttgen Salbke settlement

On January 28, 1921, a workers' youth association with close ties to the SPD was founded in Salbke .

Numerous multi-storey apartment buildings were built on Hauptstrasse to meet the demand for housing. The workers' settlements of Lüttgen-Salbke and Wolfsfelde were laid out on the western Feldmark around 1912 . On March 21, 1919, the Gartenbauverein Salbke eGmbH was founded in the restaurant "Zum Bergschlößchen", Alt Salbke 95, which built an allotment garden to the west of the town, between the railway line and Lüttgen Salbke north of Ottersleber Strasse. On land previously belonging to the monastery of Our Dear Women , a facility was then operated from 1923 by the Gartenverein Salbke eV , which later became a settlement through the construction of residential houses in the gardens. The paths of this facility Hosse-Privatweg, Drews-Privatweg and Rose-Privatweg were named in 1926 in recognition of the work of the previous board of the association after Paul Hosse , who was still active as chairman until 1950 , the secretary Otto Drews and the cashier Gustav Rose and have remained until today held. Later the Fischer private route followed for the second chairman Wilhelm Fischer .

The incorporation had a detrimental effect on the Salbke volunteer fire department. In the first few years, the city's professional fire brigade only came into action when the Salbker forces were insufficient. While the Salbker fire brigade, which was only awkwardly alerted, still brought the extinguishing technology to the scene by hand, the professional fire brigade soon had motorized fire engines. As in other Magdeburg suburbs, the volunteer fire department in Salbke disbanded. In 1926 it no longer existed.

In 1928/29, the Alt Salbke 102-106 block of flats with a modern architectural design was built north of the locality . On September 6, 1926, the tram line Magdeburg – Schönebeck, running through Salbke, was opened. The construction of the tram route, initially between Buckau and Westerhüsen, began as early as 1919. In the spring of 1919, a field railway was built along the route in order to be able to carry out the necessary earth movements. The railway also led to its own gravel pit on the Katzenwerder on the Elbe. Due to a lack of rails, however, it was planned in 1920 that the route would initially only be single-tracked in parts. In front of the properties of the R. Wolf machine works and the main railway workshop in Salbke , however, a special double-track section was planned because of the use of Vignole rails . However, it was possible to procure enough rails to immediately double-track the line between Buckau and Schleswiger Straße in Westerhüsen. The planned construction costs were 6,455,000 marks. The special track structure in Salbke is still recognizable today due to the sideways position of the tracks there.

Several accidents attracted attention during this period. On the night of November 6, 1920, a worker living in Elsässer Strasse 5 (today's Faulmannstrasse) was shot and seriously injured by a field guard in the Salbker Feldmark. The Westerhüser master butcher Wilhelm Markgraf died in the hospital after overturning a car in front of the Sankt-Gertraud-Kirche on the street Alt Salbke on May 24th, 1931.

Gröninger Bad

The Volksbad Gröninger Bad was built in 1926/27 . In 1933 Salbke had 6,675 residents.

National Socialism and World War II

During the time of National Socialism there were accommodations for foreign and forced laborers as well as prisoners of war in several places in Salbke, for example at the addresses Alt Salbke 112-120 , Alt Salbke 117 , Lothringer Straße 1-7 , today's Ferdinand-Schrey-Straße , in the Blumenstrasse and also on the grounds of the Salbker School in Friedhofstrasse. In addition, mainly French workers were housed in the gravel works in Unterhorstweg .

The bombing raids on Magdeburg in 1944 and 1945 mainly caused damage to the Reichsbahn repair shop. The fire station of the former Salbke volunteer fire brigade, located on the corner of Klosterhof and Greifenhagener Strasse, was also damaged, and since 1943 it has served as an alternative location for one of the Magdeburg fire-fighting teams. But residential areas were also affected. Air raids, which also affected the Salbke area, took place on January 21 and 24, 1944 and on February 2 and 4, 1945. On February 14, 1945 between 1:02 am and 1:07 am there was an air raid on the south-east of Magdeburg, which cost 15 lives.

At around 5 p.m. on April 11, 1945, an enemy alarm was given for the urban area of ​​Magdeburg , and US troops had reached Ottersleben . This came as a relative surprise for the population, as the advance of the American troops had taken place very quickly. The Wehrmacht report from the evening of April 11th reported the advance of American troops in the area north and south of Hanover , i.e. significantly more than 100 kilometers further west. In fact, the US troops had covered about 90 kilometers in the course of April 11th and reached Schönebeck and the western suburbs of Magdeburg. From the direction of Ottersleben, the US units advanced to Magdeburg Airport on the evening of April 11th . On April 12, the American units advanced from the west via Wolfsfelde to Salbke and thus reached the west bank of the Elbe. The US troops advanced both south, where they took Westerhüsen, and north towards Buckau. The Buckau R. Wolf machine works, located on the border with Fermersleben, was captured and the prisoners of war there were freed. In the early morning hours of April 14, the German Air Force launched an air raid , which hit the Salbker plant of Buckau R. Wolf AG in particular and caused damage there. On the same day from 1 p.m. between Fermersleben and Buckau, ammunition trains detonated that had been blown up by Wehrmacht commands. The explosions shook the surrounding residential areas for hours and caused damage to the Salbke Reichsbahn repair shop, the Buckau R. Wolf machine factory and, above all, to Lüttgen-Salbke. The fighting continued, the US tanks withdrew from Salbke on April 17 to the Magdeburg Südost train station in Westerhüsen. After heavy air raids and artillery bombardment of Magdeburg, the US units pushed back north and reached Buckau on the evening of April 17th. In the course of April 18, the US troops had gained control of the districts west of the Elbe. On April 22nd, bombs fell on Salbke again. Among other things, the clubhouse of the Salbker garden club was destroyed. Some of these bombs are assumed to have been misdirected, but they could have fallen in the course of the last German air raid on the south of Magdeburg on April 22nd.

GDR time

Southeast Polyclinic on the day it opened in 1952
Individual builder Markowski, 1955; the historic farm of the Markowski family was in Alt Salbke 96 and was demolished in the early 1990s
New construction of apartments in 1950, Alt Salbke

After the occupation of Salbke by US troops, a local district mayor's office was formed, as in other remote parts of the city. The actual city authorities could not or not sufficiently take action. Mayor Otto Baer dissolved this provisional structure again in mid-May 1945 because "traffic with these suburbs became free ... and the city authorities were able to work again" .

In 1949/50 the fire station of the volunteer fire brigade, damaged in the war, was torn down. A green area was created at this point.

The railway works continued to operate in the GDR as what was now the Reichsbahn repair shop and specialized in the repair of freight cars. The Southeast Polyclinic was opened as the second municipal polyclinic on January 15, 1952 in Klosterhof 1a , the former manor house . The rescue act of twelve-year-old Rita Buchheister, who rescued a small boy from a paddle boat overturned in the Elbe and kept him afloat until a ferryman could come to the rescue, received national attention in 1954 .

The remaining agricultural area of ​​the district was cultivated by the LPG "Freie Erde" based in Westerhüsen . The Salbke ferry shut down. On March 22, 1965, playing children set fire to a barrel of diesel fuel on the site of the gravel works near the Elbe. A subsequent explosion killed a 13-year-old boy.

In 1970 a day care center was opened opposite the SKL in Unterhorstweg. After a renovation at the beginning of the 21st century, it is still in operation today as the Am Salbker See daycare center . In the summer of 1972, a lido was opened at Salbker See I , which was created in the course of gravel mining . The streets around the Hosse-Privatweg were connected to the water and sewage supply from 1977 and the paths were sometimes only 3 meters wide and widened to up to 4.50 meters. On October 4, 1981, the Salbker See was, as in 1978, the venue for the GDR championship in motorboat racing, after it had already hosted the GDR championships for ship modelers in 1975.

Development from 1989

After the political turning point in 1989 , both the Reichsbahn repair shop and Fahlberg-List closed . Production on the SKL site also fell significantly. A progressive negative development began. The old tenements and the rest of the rather small-town development were perceived as unattractive, so that many residents turned their backs on the district. Around the year 2000 there were vacancies of up to 80 percent in the town center, and the number of inhabitants had shrunk by 20 percent. Above all, unrenovated buildings along the busy main street are affected by the vacancy rate. In areas away from the main traffic axis, however, the houses were largely renovated and modernized.

An active citizens' association was founded. In March 2009, the Salbke cemetery chapel, an architectural monument in Salbke, was demolished. In 2011 a replacement building was completed. In 2010 the conversion of the old school Salbke, which had been vacant for a long time, into a community center was completed. On July 3, 2011, the St. Gertraud Lapidarium , a collection of stone monuments at the Protestant St. Gertraud Church, was opened. Since July 11, 2011, the Alt Salbke pharmacy was once again a local pharmacy. The former Adler-Apotheke Südost in Hadmersleber Strasse 11 was initially privatized on December 19, 1990 and moved to Alt Salbke 66 in July 1992, but then closed on December 31, 2003. The Klosterhof pharmacy, which opened on July 1, 1996 at Alt Salbke 96, had been closed again after some time. In June 2013 Salbke was affected by the Elbe flood . The flood reached the main street Alt Salbke, which had to be completely closed from June 6, 2013. Several streets and buildings, including the Gröninger Bad and the Alt Salbke pharmacy , were directly affected by the flood. On June 12, 2013, the closure of the main road was lifted again. The Alt Salbke pharmacy gave up its location in Salbke again.

Buildings

St. Gertraud Church

The cultural monuments in Salbke are listed in the local monument register . The Protestant St. Gertraud Church is on the edge of the old town center, right on today's main street Alt Salbke . It is a building erected between 1866 and 1867 in the neo-Gothic style, consisting of a brick hall, a multi-sided apse and a square west tower. The St. Gertraud Lapidarium is located in and around the church . The historic Salbke pigeon tower is located in the rectory of the church . The Catholic St. Johann Baptist Church was built in 1909, also in neo-Gothic style.

Salbke's landmark, the Salbker water tower , was built in 1893 and 1894 on behalf of the Royal Railway Directorate in Berlin to supply water to the nearby Salbke Reichsbahn repair shop. At the same time the former Turmpark restaurant was built . The Borchard-Linde has been at the factory entrance since 1912 . Also by the Royal Railway Directorate in Berlin, the Freundsweg settlement was built between 1904 and 1913 to create apartments for the workers of the Reichsbahn repair shop. The entire street was built with identically designed twin houses. Listed industrial architecture can be found in the former Reichsbahn repair shop , in the former Fahlberg-List and on the premises of the SKL . The listed glass painting The Seven Arts is located in the SKL canteen building .

In Salbke there are also the remains of a historic monastery, the Salbke monastery . According to plans and under the direction of the architect Johannes Göderitz , the Gröninger Bad, which is now used as an event center, was built in 1926/27 .

In June 2009 an open-air library was opened in the Salbker bottleneck with the Salbke bookmark . The Leonardo library for vocational literature has been located in the building of the old school Salbke since 2010 .

On the southern border of the Salbker district there are two listed buildings with the former Dörries glassworks and the old Salbke post office . The historic dishing press is worth mentioning as a technical monument . The Kupitzsche Haus, built in 1901 in Friedhofstrasse, the largely identical Friedrichsche Haus in Repkowstrasse, built in 1903, the New Building style north of the village, Alt Salbke 102-106 , the Alt Salbke 51, and the old one are also under monument protection From the end of the 19th century, the former “Wilhelm Pieck” cultural center of VEB Fahlberg-List.

Personalities

The following were born in Salbke:

The general James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton , who was in Swedish service, set up his quarters in Salbke at the end of 1631 / beginning of 1632. At the same time, the Swedish general Johan Banér stayed in Salbke. From 1647 to 1650 the pastor Martin Friedrich Curio also represented the Salbker parish. The theologian, educator and writer Friedrich Ernst Vorberg worked in the 18th century as the successor to Johann Andreas Lutterodt as a Protestant preacher at the Salbker Church. Otherwise associated with Salbke was the pedagogue and theologian Franz Heyne , who was also a pastor in Salbke from 1837 to 1877 and ran a private teacher training institute here. The theologian Maximilian Besser was also active as a priest in Salbker for many years. The writer Adolf Heitmann was a teacher at the Salbker School in the 1880s. The painter Moritz Rusche lived in Salbke in the middle of the 20th century. With Adolf Strewe and Martin Kramer, two better-known Protestant theologians held the Salbker pastor's office.

Many well-known personalities worked in Salbke due to the settlement of large industrial companies. In the first half of the 20th century, Heinrich Notz was director of the Salbker engineering company for a long time. Lutz Modes as general director, the designers Hans Günter Rost and Hans Standhardt as the head of the design department, the engineer Waldemar Vinz as the technical director, the designer Heinz Ullrich as the head of boiler construction, were in this plant by Buckau R. Wolf or the later SKL . the sculptor Hans Helmbrecht worked as head of the advertising department and the later university professor Siegfried Rudert . The SED party secretary of the large forge of the SKL, Hugo Baumgart , was a member of the SED central committee from 1954 to 1967. From 1987 to 1990 RAF terrorist Inge Viett also worked under an alias in this Salbker company.

The painter and graphic artist August Bratfisch worked from around 1919 to 1948 in the Salbke Reichsbahn repair shop . In the 1950s the handball player and later successful handball trainer Klaus Miesner also worked there for a time . The future Low German author Marta Rothe also worked there.

Many well-known personalities were employed by the chemical company Fahlberg-List. Mention should be made of the founder of the plant, Constantin Fahlberg , who temporarily lived in the village. The later resistance fighters against National Socialism Hubert Materlik and Franz Rekowski worked for Fahlberg-List in the 1920s. Above all, however, the names of well-known chemists are associated with the plant. Ernst Schmitz was employed as head of the pharmaceutical laboratory, Hans Fürst as head of department, Richard Krams from 1953 as long-term operations director, Hans Bendix from 1953 as production director, Heinz Cassebaum from 1957 as laboratory manager, Elmar Profft as research director. Bernhard Schrader , later Professor of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, completed an apprenticeship as a skilled chemical worker at Fahlberg-List. Edgar Jassmann became head of pharmaceutical research at the plant in 1960. Paul Held became Director of Research in 1971. Herbert Rasenberger , who later became a local researcher and author, worked at the plant from 1960 to 1991. Werner Herzig , later Mayor of Magdeburg, was secretary of the SED company party organization from 1954 to 1958. Inge Heyne , member of the state parliament, was also employed by Fahlberg-List.

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony-Anhalt I, administrative district Magdeburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 .
  • Otto Dieckmann: Troubled days of our homeland - A fire chronicle and commemorative publication for the centenary of the reconstruction of Salbke. 1926.
  • Dr. Manfred Eibs: Festschrift on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Salbke Garden Association 1919-2009. Magdeburg 2009.
  • Magdeburg and its surroundings (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 19). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973, p. 115ff.
  • Magdeburg - architecture and urban development. Verlag Janos Stekovics, 2001, ISBN 3-929330-33-4 .

Web links

Commons : Salbke  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District catalog of the Office for Statistics
  2. ^ List of the Association of Garden Friends Magdeburg
  3. ^ Harry Wüstemann, Josef Rieder, Prehistoric Bronze Finds, Division IV, Volume 15, The Swords in East Germany , Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 9783515084413 , p. 206
  4. ^ Stories told by a find in the Neue Zeit of October 27, 1962, p. 3.
  5. ↑ F. Winter: The emergence of the cities Schönebeck, Salze and Frohse. In: History sheets for the city and state of Magdeburg. Verlag der Königl. Emil Baensch's court bookstore, Magdeburg 1868, p. 281 f.
  6. ↑ Editor: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Institute of Geography, Local Research Working Group (Ed.): Magdeburg and its surroundings. Volume 19. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1972, p. 115.
  7. ↑ Historical-geographical-statistical-topographical handbook from the administrative districts of Magdeburg. Part 2. Magdeburg 1842, p. 83.
  8. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann: History of the City of Magdeburg. First volume. Publishers by Emil Baensch, 1845, p. 163.
  9. ^ CA Schmidt, Chronik der Stadt Buckau , 1887, p. 15.
  10. ↑ Helmut Asmus: 1200 years Magdeburg, the years 805 to 1631. Scriptum Verlag, Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-15-7 , p. 491.
  11. ^ CA Schmidt, Chronik der Stadt Buckau , 1887, p. 15.
  12. ↑ Reinhard Spindler, Magdeburg in the Thirty Years' War in Magdeburger Stadtzeuge (n) , Issue 15, Verlag Delta D Magdeburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-935831-43-7 , p. 47.
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Buchholz , A letter from Pappenheim of December 21, 1630 - a new source on the history of the siege of Magdeburg in 1630/31 in Magdeburger Blätter, 1991, p. 65.
  14. ↑ Reinhard Spindler, Magdeburg in the Thirty Years' War in Magdeburger Stadtzeuge (n) , Issue 15, Verlag Delta D Magdeburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-935831-43-7 , p. 47.
  15. ↑ Helmut Asmus: 1200 years Magdeburg - the years 1631-1848. Scriptumverlag, Halberstadt 1999, ISBN 3-933046-16-5 , p. 26.
  16. ^ CA Schmidt, Chronik der Stadt Buckau , 1887, p. 83.
  17. ^ CA Schmidt, Chronik der Stadt Buckau , 1887, p. 83.
  18. ^ Friedrich Großhennig: Ortschronik von Westerhüsen in the city district of Magdeburg-SO. Manuscript in the Magdeburg City Archives, call number 80 / 1035n, Part II, p. 48.
  19. ^ Freiherr von Zedlitz : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III. 2nd volume. Maurersche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1828, p. 144.
  20. ↑ Archive for legal cases from the practice of the lawyers of the Royal High Tribunal. Published by C. Grobe, Berlin 1855, pp. 194 ff.
  21. ^ Archive for Prussian Criminal Law. Publishing house of the Royal Secret Upper Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1858, p. 828 ff.
  22. ^ Paul Ascherson: Flora of the province of Brandenburg, the Altmark and the Duchy of Magdeburg. Third department. Special flora of Magdeburg. Published by August von Hirschwald, Berlin 1864.
  23. ^ Minutes of the December meeting. of the German Geological Society of December 4, 1867 In: Journal of the German Geological Society. Volume 20. 1868, p. 231.
  24. ↑ Festschrift 1880-1930, 50 Years House and Landowners Association for Magdeburg and the Surrounding Area , pp. 14–15.
  25. ^ Katharina Albrecht, History of the pharmacies of the city of Magdeburg , Drei Birken Verlag, Freiberg (Saxony), 2007, ISBN 978-3-936980-13-4 , p. 121.
  26. ↑ Address book for Fermersleben, Salbke and Westerhüsen. 1900-1903, Gust. Ad. Müller, Salbke-Westerhüsen.
  27. ^ Günter Kuntze: Under repealed rights. Helmuth-Block-Verlag, Magdeburg 1992, ISBN 3910-173-77-7 , p. 58.
  28. ^ Horst Bethge, Michael Sachsenweger, Reform - 100 years of garden city history on Leipziger Chaussee in Magdeburg , Volume I, 1909–1974, editor: Detlef Gissendorf, spokesman for the board of the non-profit housing association Gartenstadt-Kolonie Reform eG, Magdeburg, 2nd edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-939884-07-1 , pp. 36-37.
  29. ↑ Exemption from slaughterhouse compulsory for the districts of Fermersleben and Lemsdorf In: Volksstimme . 17th February 1920.
  30. ^ Westerhüsen in the First World War. In: From the home history of Magdeburg-Westerhüsen. August 1942.
  31. ↑ Magdeburg in the First World War 1914 to 1918, Eine Großstadt auf der Heimatfront , Ed .: Maren Ballerstedt, Gabriele Köster, Maik Hattenhorst, Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle (Saale) 2014, ISBN 978-3-95462-307-5 , p. 108.
  32. ↑ Memorial stone for the fallen in the Southeast district In: Volksstimme . January 29, 1920.
  33. ↑ Salbker and Westerhüser potato fields interested parties. In: Volksstimme. March 28, 1920.
  34. ↑ A dull mood in the U.S.P. meetings. In: Volksstimme. January 11, 1921.
  35. ↑ Social Democratic Association. In: Volksstimme. February 2, 1921.
  36. ↑ Dr. Manfred Eibs: Festschrift on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Salbke Garden Association 1919-2009. Magdeburg 2009.
  37. ↑ 125 years of the Magdeburg fire brigade. Scriptum Verlag, Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , p. 118.
  38. ↑ 5 1/2 million marks for Schönebecker Strasse. In: Volksstimme . June 29, 1920.
  39. ↑ Shot by a field guard. In: Volksstimme . November 7, 1920.
  40. ^ The festive season as reflected in the accidents in the Volksstimme of May 27, 1931.
  41. ^ Werner Burghardt: The field names of Magdeburg and the district of Wanzleben. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Graz 1967, p. 60.
  42. ^ Peter-Ernst Schmidt: Foreign, forced, concentration camp, prisoner of war and work education camps during the Nazi era in Magdeburg. March 2007.
  43. ↑ a b 125 years of the Magdeburg fire brigade. Scriptum Verlag, Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , p. 117.
  44. ↑ a b List of the Magdeburg air raid police in: Matthias Puhle (Ed.): "Then the sky turned blood red ...", The Destruction of Magdeburg on January 16, 1945. Magdeburg 1995, ISBN 3-930030-12-8 .
  45. ↑ Dr. Manfred Eibs: Festschrift on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Salbke Garden Association 1919-2009. Magdeburg 2009, p. 23, referring to a report by P. Hosse s
  46. ^ Peter Wittig: Elbe operation. Beyer Verlag Sachsen for Culture and History, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-9809520-0-2 , p. 20.
  47. ^ Peter Wittig: Elbe operation. Beyer Verlag Sachsen for Culture and History, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-9809520-0-2 , p. 25.
  48. ^ A b Günter Hammerschmidt : Magdeburg company founder. IV. Part. Magdeburg 2010, p. 295.
  49. ^ Matthias Puhle (Ed.): "Then the sky turned blood red ...", The Destruction of Magdeburg on January 16, 1945. Magdeburg 1995, ISBN 3-930030-12-8 , p. 130.
  50. ↑ Dr. Manfred Eibs: Festschrift on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Salbke Garden Association 1919-2009. Magdeburg 2009, p. 24, referring to a report by P. Hosse s
  51. ^ Matthias Puhle (ed.): "Then the sky turned blood red ...", The Destruction of Magdeburg on January 16, 1945. Magdeburg 1995, ISBN 3-930030-12-8 , p. 140.
  52. ^ Address book of the city of Magdeburg. 1950/51.
  53. ^ Jeannette Michelmann: The activists of the first hour. The Antifa 1945 in the Soviet zone of occupation between the occupying power and the exiled KPD. Weimar, probably 2002, p. 283; there quotes a press release from Baers from May 18, 1945, StA Magdeburg Rep 41, OC 20.
  54. ^ BZ short reports in the Berliner Zeitung of October 28, 1954, p. 2
  55. ↑ Berliner Zeitung of October 29, p. 1 (with picture)
  56. ↑ Death from matches in children's hands in Neues Deutschland, March 25, 1965, p. 2
  57. ↑ Former gravel pits prepared for bathing in New Germany of July 13, 1972, p. 8.
  58. ↑ Briefly reported in Neues Deutschland from September 20, 1978, p. 5.
  59. ↑ In motorboat racing, the champions are firmly established in New Germany of October 5, 1981, p. 7.
  60. ↑ Reinhard Bauerschmidt, The sail is our motor in New Germany, August 23, 1975, p. 5.
  61. ^ Katharina Albrecht, History of the pharmacies of the city of Magdeburg , Drei Birken Verlag, Freiberg (Saxony), 2007, ISBN 978-3-936980-13-4 , p. 121.
  62. ^ Katharina Albrecht, History of the pharmacies of the city of Magdeburg , Drei Birken Verlag, Freiberg (Saxony), 2007, ISBN 978-3-936980-13-4 , p. 175.