Star knapweed
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Star knapweed ( Centaurea calcitrapa ) |
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The Star knapweed ( Centaurea calcitrapa ), also Fußangel Knapweed called, is a plant of the genus of knapweed ( Centaurea ) in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).
description
The star knapweed is a creeping, ascending, biennial hapaxanthe plant that reaches a height of 10 to 100 cm. It is hairy like a cobweb and bald on top. The stem grows upright or ascending and ramifies repeatedly from the bottom, so that zigzag curved branches arise. The leaves are green in color. The lower leaves are up to 8 inches long and pinnately divided, the up to 2.5 cm long sections are serrated and almost piercing.
The flowers together form flower-like heads . These are very numerous, sessile, axillary or terminal and colored purple. The shell is pear-shaped and up to 1 centimeter wide. The envelope scales are roof-top and have a very strong, terminal, kinked spine that is up to 2.5 centimeters long and a few small teeth on the side. All flowers are tubular, five-lobed and colored pale purple. The outer flowers are sterile and enlarged. The fruit is an achenes up to 3 millimeters long with a fringe of hair, a pappus is missing.
Flowering time is from June to October.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Occurrence
The species is found in South and Southeast Europe and West Asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is considered a weed. In Germany it is often only widespread as an introduced plant. It grows in Central Europe on warm, sunny slopes, on roadsides and ruderal spots in plant communities of the associations Polygonion avicularis and Sisymbrion. In southern Europe it is also found in companies of the Hordeion Association.
Systematics
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Centaurea calcitrapa subsp. calcitrapa
- Centaurea calcitrapa subsp. angusticeps (H. Lindb.) Meikle (Syn .: Centaurea angusticeps H. Lindb. ): It occurs in Cyprus.
- Centaurea calcitrapa subsp. cilicica (Boiss. & Balansa) Wagenitz (Syn .: Centaurea cilicica Boiss. & Balansa ): It occurs in Turkey.
Common names
The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the star knapweed: Caudetrape ( Middle High German ), Chaussetrappe (Middle High German), Sterndistel, Sterredistel ( Middle Low German ), Wegdistel, Wollendistel, Zeisala ( Old High German ), Zeisela (Middle High German), Zeisele) (Middle High German) and Zeselswrze (Middle High German).
supporting documents
- Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 .
- Hans-Joachim Zündorf, Karl-Friedrich Günther, Heiko Korsch, Werner Westhus (eds.): Flora of Thuringia. The wild fern and flowering plants of Thuringia . Weissdorn, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-936055-09-2 .
- Ehrentraud Bayer, Karl-Peter Buttler , Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Plants of the Mediterranean (= The colored nature guides ). Mosaic, Munich 1986.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 974 .
- ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Centaurea calcitrapa In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 86. ( online ).
Web links
- Star knapweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Star knapweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Centaurea calcitrapa L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Knapweed data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )