Fahlberg List
Fahlberg-List was a long-established chemical company in Magdeburg and was one of the most important chemical and pharmaceutical companies in the GDR . It existed from 1886 to 1995 in the Salbke district of Magdeburg and was the world's first producer of the sweetener saccharin .
history
Saccharin production 1886 to 1903
On April 24, 1886, Constantin Fahlberg and his cousin Adolf Moritz List founded the Commanditgesellschaft Fahlberg-List Co. as personally liable partners with other partners, based in Salbke, which was still independent at the time. Fahlberg's uncle, Adolph List , who originally acted as a partner , had died before the contract was signed in 1885.
The initial capital was around 1.5 million marks and was distributed as follows: Dr. Constantin Fahlberg, Salbke, 617,000 marks; Dr. Adolph Moritz List, Magdeburg, 150,000 marks; Consul Friedrich Jay , Leipzig, 272,000 marks; Consul General Albert de Liagre, Leipzig, 293,000 marks; Merchant Georg August Simon, Leipzig, 163,000 marks; Attorney Dr. Ernst Less, Leipzig, 80,000 marks; two limited partners from Liagre & Simon with smaller amounts. Less, List, Jay and Simon were on the supervisory board, and Dr. Paul Harrwitz, Leipzig, businessman Carl Büchting (owner of the coal wholesaler Ludwig August Schmidt, Magdeburg) and Hofrat Dr. Georg Langbein , Leipzig: Fahlberg remained the main shareholder with 22.2% (= 660,000 marks, as of 1909).
Fahlberg had previously discovered the substance benzoic acid sulfimide in May 1878 and, rather by accident, its intense sweet taste in June of the same year. From 1882 Fahlberg and Adolph List senior planned the industrial production of the artificial sweetener called saccharin . Plans to build the saccharin factory in the USA were rejected because of high labor and material costs. The establishment of the production in Leipzig , where List lived, failed because of feared odor nuisance. The Salbke location was chosen because of its favorable location directly between the Elbe and the railway line running from Magdeburg to Leipzig. The Elbe flows east of the factory premises, while the former highway ran from Magdeburg to Schönebeck (Elbe) to the west .
On March 9, 1887, production began in the newly built plant. In the following years the plant was expanded regularly. As early as 1886, properties to the west of the highway were acquired. A house for Fahlberg was built there. In 1894, land north of the main gate in the direction of Salbke could be acquired. The administration building that is still preserved today was built there. 1899 we acquired the site of the south to Westerhüsen facing the beautiful carpentry and brick H. Schrader . In the same year, a technical administration building was built south of the main entrance.
After initial technical difficulties, 30 t of saccharine were produced in 1894 and 170 t in 1901. Financially the company was a success. Low wages contrasted with high saccharin prices. Around 1890 saccharine cost 150 marks per kilogram. Fahlberg-List won several awards, including medals at the International Exhibition in Ostend in 1888 and at the Bakery, Confectionery & Culinary Art Exhibition in Stuttgart in 1894 . Later the price dropped to 15 marks. Several other producers entered the market.
Saccharin began to establish itself as an inexpensive alternative to sugar . The considerably greater sweetening power of saccharin led to a clear price advantage over sugar. To protect the sugar industry, following initial restrictions in 1898, a far-reaching ban on saccharin was issued on July 7, 1902. While the competitors completely stopped their saccharin production, Fahlberg-List produced around three to five tons a year for diabetics.
The working conditions were regulated by the company's work regulations. The day shift lasted ten hours, the night shift twelve hours. The day shift on Sunday had to work until Monday morning 6 a.m., i.e. 22 hours in a row.
Expansion of the product range
In order to meet the difficult situation after the saccharin ban, which was to remain in place until the First World War , an expansion of the product range was sought. For this purpose, Fahlberg List & Co. was transferred to the Saccharin-Fabrik AG stock corporation in order to obtain the required capital.
Fahlberg-List had been authorized to produce sulfuric acid by a license agreement with BASF since 1899 . In 1901 the construction of the sulfuric acid plant was completed, in 1904 the monthly production was already 785 t. After initial losses, sulfuric acid soon made up 70% of the company's sales. With the sulfuric acid now available, the chlorosulfonic acid OTS process was also introduced into saccharin production - against Fahlberg's resistance . 1905 Fahlberg was voted out of the board of the stock corporation. In 1907 List also lost his leading position, but remained in a leading position in the company and later became General Manager. Adolph Otto Viett became general director in 1907 . The chemist August Klages was won over as research and technology director .
In 1908 they founded their own company fire brigade.
The sulfuric acid production was further expanded in the following years. In 1909 a chamber system with 20 gravel ovens was built. Sulfuric acid was now produced in 80 manually loaded gravel ovens and 12 mechanical roasting ovens. With further expansions in 1918 and 1926/1927, production was modernized and capacity increased significantly. The working conditions were characterized by heavy physical labor. With a weekly working time of 72 or 84 hours, the required sulfur pyrites from Elbe barges first had to be unloaded and crushed by hand. 31 workers were engaged in transporting gravel alone.
1912 took place the addition of a pharmaceutical department, under the brand name Falima , as an abbreviation for company hlberg- Li st Ma gdeburg worked. Pharmaceutical production gained considerably in importance during the First World War. A wide variety of tablets and ampoules were produced for both human and veterinary medicine. Acetylsalicylic acid , better known as aspirin , chloroethane for local anesthesia and adrenaline were all part of the production. With the production of mianin from 1922 onwards, waste from saccharin production could be put to good use. In 1923 the first X-ray contrast medium made from barium sulfate (Roebaryta) was brought onto the market.
From 1916 colors were also part of the production program. There were potassium and vanillin produced. The sugar shortage caused by the First World War also resulted in the lifting of the ban on sweeteners. In 1916, 110 t of saccharine were again produced at Fahlberg-List, and by 1922 sales had risen to 540 t. About 75% of the saccharin was exported.
In 1918 August Klages turned to research into the development of preparations made from mercury for plant protection. An internal memorandum written on June 29, 1920 by Adolf Moritz List, who continued to work in the company's management, pointed to a precarious situation for the company, which was "on the brink" . Due to the strong sales of saccharine, however, significantly increased dividends have been distributed since 1917 .
The theft of saccharin was a problem. On January 27, 1920, several people were arrested for smuggling 20 to 40 kilograms of the sweetener out of the factory and selling it through an illegal network of dealers. In response to criticism of the lack of controls on the part of the plant, the plant management pointed out that of the company's 1,450 employees, around 150 are involved in controls and that body searches are common.
In 1921 were pesticides added to the product. Above all, seed dressings and insecticides against pests in fruit, wine and beet cultivation emerged. The Germisan developed by Klages was particularly well known and in great demand . Products such as Carbolineum for wood impregnation , rat poison and copper sprays were added. Metallhütte Magdeburg GmbH was also bought in 1921 . Copper was to be extracted from waste remaining after the processing of pyrites , and the remaining iron oxide was to be sold to ironworks. The background to the project were high world market prices for copper and zinc . However, the project ultimately turned out to be uneconomical due to the insufficient quantities and falling raw material prices.
In 1921, the communist Hubert Materlik , who later became known as a resistance fighter against National Socialism, was elected to the company's works council, but then dismissed in 1923 for his political commitment. The later resistance fighter Franz Rekowski , who worked for the company from 1926 to 1928, had a similar experience . After the First World War, the communist Georg Heidler was temporarily chairman of the works council.
Inflation and the Great Depression
The strong inflation of 1922/1923 brought a severe crisis . Parts of the production range became unprofitable, especially the pharmaceutical division. In addition, there was a sharp drop in demand in key areas. This applies to both saccharin, sulfuric acid and the metal smelter acquired in 1921. Fahlberg-List issued its own emergency money and vouchers. The aftermath of the crisis also led to a significant decline in the number of employees. In 1924 1,229 people were employed, the number had fallen to 539 by 1929. The metal smelter was closed in 1928. For a period of three years there was a coalition with the Kokswerke und Chemische Fabriken AG Berlin , which List ended in 1926 for reasons of profitability.
To overcome the problems, it was decided to also start manufacturing superphosphate , a substance used as a fertilizer. In 1926, therefore, the takeover of the Mitteldeutsche Superphosphatwerke GmbH based in Zeitz / Rehmsdorf , which produced in Köthen and Dodendorf . Both production sites were continued as branch operations. Another superphosphate factory was built on the premises of the A. Grafe Nachf. Glassworks in Westerhüsen , which is adjacent to Fahlberg-List . The construction was managed with financing from the banker Moritz Schultze . Schultze later took over the majority of the company's shares. At the end of 1927, William Rasmussen , previously General Director of Superphosphat GmbH , took over the function of Fahlberg List General Director from List, who was leaving.
The global economic crisis in the late 1920s and early 1930s hit the company hard again. Workers' wages have been cut by 30%. Important repairs were not made. Against this background, on April 28, 1931, a large explosion occurred on the company premises in which ten people died. New developments at this time include a tablet for disinfecting water , the Hydrosept tablet, a drug against whooping cough , and fizzy cubes in different flavors. Elbanit was also produced , a means of combating field radishes .
In 1932, Saccharin-Fabrik AG was renamed Fahlberg-List AG , as saccharin was still being produced, but had lost its originally dominant position in the company's direction.
Fahlberg List in National Socialism
Fahlberg-List made a contribution of 2 million Reichsmarks to the support fund for the election of Adolf Hitler . After the start of the National Socialist tyranny, a company roll call took place once a month from 1934 onwards at Fahlberg-List . In the elections to the council of trust that were ordered , however, fewer than 50% of the employees voted for the candidates proposed by management. In March 1936 Robert Ley , Reichsleiter of the German Labor Front , visited Fahlberg-List. In the same year Fahlberg-List also received an armaments contract for the production of so-called mist acid . In 1937 a corresponding plant for the production of mist acid was built.
From 1937 onwards, anti-Semitic attacks were directed primarily against Adolph Moritz List , who continued to sit on the supervisory board . List, who is said to have described himself as an Aryan and whose children belonged to the NSDAP , was attacked as Jewish in particular by the small shareholder Otto Emersleben from Berlin-Zehlendorf . List and Rasmussen had to vacate their positions in 1937. Rasmussen's successor was Erich Katter . From 1939 to 1945 Gustav Gassner was head of the biological department. At that time, the plant had seven modern industrial research laboratories and a state laboratory for applied research with experimental fields on plants, insects and other animals.
Fahlberg-List profited from the Aryanization of Jewish companies. In 1938, the Kettner paint factory in Berlin-Tempelhof , which belonged to the Jewish owners, was bought out for well below its value. Efforts to acquire Ignaz Kreidl's saccharine factory in Vienna failed, however.
In the years 1932 to 1941 Fahlberg-List continuously received the GAU diploma as an award for “outstanding achievements”. As early as the end of the 1930s, problems arose because the raw materials required could not be procured in the desired quantities due to foreign exchange problems and alternative solutions were sought with local raw materials. Due to raw material shortages, the production of saccharin fell by 400 to 500 kg per day, so that the demand on the domestic market could no longer be fully satisfied and exports became impossible. The number of employees rose from 881 in 1938 to 1,187 at the end of 1941. Fahlberg-List was considered a Wehrmacht company during the Second World War . In July 1941, Fahlberg-List had to produce 400 tons of mist acid. In addition, plasticizers TX were produced for IG Farben and Kalkarsen was produced for the potato beetle defense service of the Reichsnährstand . With Rodax D4 , Fahlberg-List brought an ant- feeding varnish onto the market.
Not far from the plant, north of Volkspark Westerhüsen , the Diana forced labor camp was set up in 1942 , accommodating around 350 forced laborers from eight countries. The camp was operated as a forced labor camp until 1945, whereby the prisoners had to work in the Fahlberg-List plant. Before that there was a prisoner of war camp for French prisoners of war in the old director's house on the factory premises . Forced laborers who were on call for the company fire brigade were later housed in the building. Here there was an incident between two Polish forced laborers. A person feeling betrayed attacked his sleeping compatriot with an iron bar and injured his head. The injured man suffered a fractured skull. The attacker was hanged on the spot on the Fahlberg-List premises. The people who died during forced labor were buried in the former foreigner cemetery in Westerhüsen, which is now the United Nations Field Memorial .
In the course of the increasing number of bombing raids from 1943 onwards, operations or important facilities were relocated. In 1943, production facilities and goods were relocated to Wolfenbüttel . In 1944, part of the saccharin tablet production was outsourced to the Danneil & Co. premises in Magdeburg- Sudenburg at Braunschweiger Strasse 44. Devices, calculating machines, typewriters, documents and finished products such as Germisan and Mianin were sold in December 1944 and January 1945 to Büden , Cochstedt , Osterweddingen , Staßfurt , Groß Santersleben , Schönebeck (Elbe) - Felgeleben , Barby , Stendal , Konzell -Streifenau, Sulzbach-Rosenberg , Wernigerode , Seegensfelde , Schalding , Znaim , Hamburg , Rostock and outsourced to the Sudetengau .
There was a system on the Elbe that generated artificial fog in the event of an air alarm . On a tripod stood gas cylinders with fog gas. After the sirens sounded, the valves were opened and the area was covered with artificial fog to protect against air raids. Peat was also burned at the plant, but it tended to self-ignite during storage. The burning peat was continuously extinguished in order to limit fuel losses and to avoid the risk of darkening the factory.
On January 20, 1944, Anglo-American air forces planned an air raid on the premises of Fahlberg-List. Inadvertently, however, the village of Pechau , located much further to the east, was attacked. 20 Pechau residents were killed in this attack. Although Magdeburg was badly damaged by air raids, Fahlberg-List hardly suffered any damage. On April 12, 1945, US troops advanced on Salbke and Westerhüsen. Production at Fahlberg-List was discontinued. This caused some damage to the chemical plants. Since Soviet troops did not move in on the eastern side of the Elbe until May 5, 1945 and German troops were still there until then, Fahlberg-List was right on the front line. However, this did not result in any major damage either.
Construction after the war
The factory management initially tried to bring the goods back to the factory premises, although some items had to be found out. The request expressed by the workforce to hold a ceremony on May 1, 1945 was rejected by the US military authorities. The US occupation troops were replaced by British troops after a while. According to the Allied agreements, on July 1, 1945, Soviet troops also took control of the western parts of the Magdeburg region. With the British departing, production documents, patents, equipment and the plant's scientific library were also transported to Bad Gandersheim in Lower Saxony . Specialists and managerial staff also left the Salbke site in this way. A commission of English officers is said to have appeared at the plant as early as June 21, 1945 to negotiate the evacuation. On June 22nd, Director Hahn, Professor Gassner, the head of the scientific laboratory Professor Hahn, the operations manager for the sulfuric acid, fog acid and superphosphate divisions, and the operations manager for sulfochloride Schäfer and their families left Magdeburg. A military truck is said to have been made available to everyone. Katter then set chief engineer Carl Rohde and Dr. Lendle as technical plant manager. Professor Hahn, Schäfer and Buchwaldt returned again on June 29 and picked up personal items and possibly also factory property. According to the description of those left in the factory from September 1945, the British occupation authorities then put pressure on other senior staff to persuade them to leave. On June 26, the operations manager of the saccharin department, Wolff, the head of the patent department, Lüdecke and the scientists Klein, Bohunek and Kraus left the plant.
The removal of the tablet machines was prevented on June 26, 1945 by an executive committee, which had meanwhile been formed by Katter at a works meeting and which consisted of chief engineer Rohde and the authorized signatories Schmidt and Heerdt. Heerdt in particular is said to have advocated keeping the machines at Katter, since the company's existence would be endangered without these machines.
On June 27, General Director Katter left the plant, although he is said to have tried initially not to leave Fahlberg-List in order not to leave the plant in the difficult situation without management. With him went director Wullstein, assistant director Lendle and the operations manager of the department for fine chemicals and seed dressings Baumgarten and three secretaries. In connection with this, equipment, the entire shopping list, all patent files, the library of the biological institute, the main chemical library, cameras and microscopes were removed. Katter said at the works meeting that he hoped to return in 14 days. Before the arrival of the Soviet troops, three board members, a senior engineer, 13 chemists, five secretaries and a laboratory assistant left the plant. Only two chemists and a research assistant remained. The shareholder Max Heinhold tried, albeit ultimately unsuccessfully, to secure the general interests of the company on behalf of the board of the stock corporation.
In a report dated August 26, 1945, the Fahlberg-List company fire brigade is listed as existing alongside only two other Magdeburg company fire brigades.
From a works council formed in April / May 1945 and authorized signatories who remained in Magdeburg, a new management was formed for the parts of the company in the Soviet occupation zone . Ernst Kauffold became the plant manager, the previous authorized signatory and chief engineer Carl Rohde became technical director , Kurt Heerdt was commercial director and Paul Schmidt was sales director. After Rohde's death in 1947, Maximilian Schwimmer and then Alexander Steen took over the position of technical director.
By order of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) number 124 of October 30, 1945, the assets of Fahlberg-List AG were confiscated. At the end of 1945, Fahlberg-List in Magdeburg employed 765 people. From June 27, 1947, the company became state property of the Province of Saxony and, from April 17, 1948, became public property . The company belonged to the Association of Industrial Works of Saxony-Anhalt and from July 1, 1948 to the Association of State-owned Enterprises Organa . A planned dismantling of the plant by the Soviet occupation, reported by the West Berlin daily Der Abend on August 5, 1947, was denied and at the same time announced that dismantling of the plant had only taken place in the past as part of the dismantling of war production.
The planned economy introduced in the Soviet occupation zone and later GDR also applied to Fahlberg-List and determined economic activity for the next four decades.
The branches in the western occupation zones, above all Wolfenbüttel, were not affected by this and remained the property of Fahlberg-List AG. Wolfenbüttel remained a branch plant until 1947, when the company was named Dr. Goeze & Co. GmbH , from 1950 finally as Fahlberg-List GmbH based in Hamburg. In 1970 the company came to Ciba-Geigy AG.
Until 1977 a company Fahlberg-List, at last only active as an asset management company, was listed on the Hamburg and Berlin stock exchanges. The listing was then terminated because of dubious events. The shares are said to have been 70% owned by Transmarin-Finanz AG Zurich .
In Magdeburg, the hall of the casino restaurant, which later became part of the factory, was the scene of the forced unification of the SPD and KPD into the SED for the city of Magdeburg on March 24, 1946 . The restaurant was acquired by Fahlberg-List in 1950 and transformed into the company's cultural center , which in 1986 was named " Wilhelm Pieck ".
In the factory itself, efforts were made to resume production. The pre-war production of 1936 is said to have been reached as early as 1946. However, it was not until May 6, 1946, that the first two contact furnaces and one gravel pit were put back into operation. On May 24, 1946, sulfuric acid began to be produced in large quantities. The supply of pebbles, which was difficult during the war, was now ensured by SMAD orders and came from Elbingerode and Yugoslavia . The production of pharmaceuticals, grain seed dressings , potassium metabisulphite , calcium arsenic spray agents, copper lime , and sublimate was also resumed. The greenhouses for pesticide research were glazed. Even new products such as isopropyl ester and carbanilic acid ethyl ester to inhibit the germination of potatoes were made. A central high-pressure steam system for the plant also went into operation in August 1946. Problems were caused by the lack of coal deliveries from the Ruhr area . The saccharin produced in the factory was insufficient to meet the sweetener needs of the Soviet occupation zone. In Berlin the black market prices had risen to 25 to 35 Reichsmarks per packet of 100 tablets. The official price was 0.25 Reichsmarks. Although the plant capacities were basically sufficient, the raw material toluene required for production was not available in sufficient quantities.
In the winter of 1946/1947, strong ice on the Elbe and in March 1947 a flood destroyed the facilities of the company's own Elbe port.
Fahlberg-List received great recognition for the production of a remedy for syphilis that took place in a very short time . The disease, which was rampant in the Soviet zone of occupation, could not be adequately treated because there were no deliveries of medicines from the western zones. The professor who fled from Breslau in 1945 Ernst Schmitz had been with Fahlberg-List since 1945. He succeeded despite the difficult circumstances the industrial production of Salvarsan - analogue . The preparation, initially marketed by Fahlberg-List under the trade name Arsaminol and later as Neo-Arsoluin , was produced in large quantities. In 1949 Schmitz received the GDR national prize, 2nd class, for his performance . The development and production of further drugs followed. The active ingredient Demelverin was developed in 1951/1952 and sold under the trade name Spasman as an antispasmodic for use in the case of colic, stomach and intestinal cramps, dysmenorrhea as well as biliary and kidney problems .
The chemist Elmar Profft, who worked at the plant from 1947 to 1955, was also known . He initially worked as head of the scientific department and later as research director. The main work tasks were the industrial recycling of waste products and the targeted closing of supply gaps within the East German post-war economy. The chemist Hans Fürst also worked in the company. He was head of department from 1948 to 1953. During this time, the later professor for theoretical and physical chemistry Bernhard Schrader completed an apprenticeship as a chemical technician in the company and worked in the Fürst laboratory. Inge Heyne , member of the company union management , was a member of the state parliament of Saxony-Anhalt from 1950 .
To enable the research work, Fahlberg-List had been running a biological institute for three decades. There was a zoological department in which laboratory animals were bred. The effects of pesticides on plants were tested in the botanical department. Another department was devoted to research into cereal diseases and the development of dressings against them. It had a glazed vegetation hall. There was a cold room that was kept at a temperature of 11 ° C regardless of the weather. The special library, which was severely impaired at the end of the war, was strengthened again through new acquisitions. In addition, there was a physical-chemical measuring room as well as rooms for exhibitions, lectures and lessons. The institute included a nursery with several greenhouses, a farm with 25 acres of fields, 12 acres of meadow and a garden.
In 1946, the development of plant protection products based on lindane began. Various new buildings were built on the factory premises. So the property of the company was distillery and chemical plants Tornesch GmbH acquired and located there tetraethyl 1946/1947 Plant for the production of the required for the pharmaceutical department Glykolls rebuilt. The pharmaceutical department was set up on this site at Alt Westerhüsen 50, about one kilometer south of the main plant. The ephedrine building was built in the area of the former metal smelter. From 1948, the sulfuric acid production was reconstructed. Lump gravel ovens and small roasting ovens disappeared and were replaced by LC-6 ovens . The gas cleaning system was renewed and exchanged for a new system for arsenic removal . Hot gas electrofiltration was also added. The gravel discharge was more mechanized.
Around 1947 the company introduced a new company logo, three intertwined triangles that became the company's symbol for the next five decades. The meaning of the symbol is not entirely clear, but it is assumed that the three large product groups agrochemicals , pharmaceuticals and chemical-technical production such as sulfuric acid etc. should be symbolized. Falima was used as an abbreviation for the company .
In the years 1948/1949 the germ inhibitor Agermin and the insecticide Arbitan were developed . Initially, it was manufactured in a test facility. This marked the beginning of the serial production of sprout inhibitors and hexachlorocyclohexane insecticides. As early as 1940, a test facility for calcium arsenic spraying agents had been put into operation, which was expanded into a large-scale facility in 1948, as the demand for potato beetle plagues required the production of larger quantities.
Fahlberg List in the early days of the GDR
Other important products of this time were synthetic resin paints , of which 120 t were produced in 1949. Synthetic lacquer resins and nitro lacquer paints were produced in the same amount . About 250 tons of potassium metabisulphite were produced for photographic purposes. 22,800 t of sulfuric acid have already been produced again. The saccharin production amounted to 300 t. From 1950 Falimint was also produced.
The company's own standard-gauge rail network with a route length of 5.5 kilometers was rebuilt and modernized from 1950. The works railway was connected to the rail network of the Deutsche Reichsbahn via a barred level crossing on the main street Alt Westerhüsen . Between 1947 and 1951 the old boiler house of the plant was modernized and in 1953 a fourth boiler was put into operation.
Typical phenomena of the planned economy now also determined the economy at Fahlberg-List. In 1949 , under the slogan “Produce more, distribute more fairly, live better!”, The obligation was given in 1949 to fulfill the state's two-year plan in a year and a half. Reports on plan fulfillment were routine. On December 10th of the same year a consumer outlet was opened in the company . The newly founded company vocational school "Heinz Kapelle" had already been working since September 1, 1949, initially in temporary premises, with almost 360 apprentices, which moved to a newly constructed building in the Westerhüsen district in 1951.
In 1951 the organization of children's holiday camps began . The first camps were carried out in Derenburg and Reesdorf . The holiday home Haus Thyra in Stolberg (Harz) was soon acquired , which functioned both as a children's holiday camp and as a company holiday home . Later, in the 1960s, additional holiday camps were held in Kläden and finally a burned-out manor house in Jerchel was converted into a holiday camp. Children from the Polish partner company Azot in Jaworzno were also regular guests. In return, members of Fahlberg-List were able to use a holiday home in Zakopane . After 1989 the plant was sold.
After a factory handball team had been founded in 1950, BSG Chemie was founded in 1951 . The BSG, which was also open to non-work members, soon had eleven sections. The BSG was dissolved in 1992. The work included a medical room, which was occupied in 1953 with doctors and outpatient clinic I was. In 1973 the outpatient clinic II with two doctors, laboratories and a dental practice was built in the northern area of the company . Also in 1953, a daycare center was set up northwest of the casino. In 1979 around 200 children were cared for here. After the political change in 1989, this was part of the childcare facilities of the city of Magdeburg as Salbker Kinderspass and existed until the beginning of the 21st century. The building was then demolished in 2008 for the construction of a new shopping center. Also Newer beings , a common in the GDR means of promoting invention and innovation, has been practiced in the company. Occasional subbotniks , voluntary work assignments, were also part of social life.
The company newspaper Schwefelofen appeared on May 1, 1950 . It was published by the SED operating group, represented the party's political views and appeared every two weeks for the price of five pfennigs. In the vernacular, mocking terms such as Schwafelofen or tiled stove have also become established . The newspaper appeared until 1991/1992. In 1950 the New Germany reported that large amounts of mercury and alcohol had been exposed in the Fahlberg-List organ factory .
With the decision of the government of the GDR on December 4, 1952, the Christmas bonus that had been customary up to that point was replaced by the introduction of an end-of-year bonus. The new bonus was performance-related and also dependent on the fulfillment of the annual plan, which also led to financial cuts in many places. The change, which led to considerable unrest in many companies in the GDR, was uncritically welcomed by the SED factory party leadership of Fahlberg-List as the abolition of a remnant of capitalist society.
In 1953 Fahlberg-List took over the Neue Neustadt- based company Deuma , which was founded in 1947 by a Mr. Deutschmann . The Deuma produced Deumacard , a remedy against states of exhaustion. In 1963/64, production was relocated to the Salbker Fahlberg List factory as a branch of VEB Jenapharm .
Richard Krams took over management of the plant in 1953. In the same year a workers-and-farmers inspection was set up in the company . In the early days of Kram's work, the decision was made to rename the plant. The large companies in the GDR area were encouraged to abandon the old names, often the names of the company founders who had meanwhile been expropriated, and to name themselves after activists of the labor movement . The name " Rosa Luxemburg " was intended for Fahlberg-List . However, the plant management spoke out against it, as the name Fahlberg-List was also known as a brand abroad and was associated with the high-quality production of saccharin. In addition, there was a dispute about the brand name with a Fahlberg-List GmbH based in Wolfenbüttel in Lower Saxony . The company was founded by former Magdeburg residents. The Salbker company was able to prevail in the name dispute and continued to operate under Fahlberg-List, so that one refrained from renaming.
June 17, 1953
The popular uprising against the SED dictatorship in the GDR on June 17, 1953 also seized Fahlberg List. Around 11.00 a.m. young people from Buckau companies that had already gone on strike appeared in a truck in front of the factory gate of Fahlberg-List. The plant security refused them entry, after which they forcibly opened the gates. They occupied the factory radio , identified themselves as a strike committee and demanded the stoppage of work and the collection of all employees at the gate. The plant management then also spoke to the employees over the plant radio and said that “nothing would stand in the way” of a work stoppage, but at the same time asked that the plants that required constant operation be kept in operation. 1000 employees - around two thirds of the workforce - left their jobs and went home or downtown. From 2 p.m., there was a state of emergency in Magdeburg. Soviet tanks drove through the streets of Magdeburg. Due to the extensive failure of the tram and the relatively large distance to the city center, most Fahlberg-List employees could no longer reach the city center before the start of the Soviet intervention.
Prisoners from the Sudenburg prison were also employed as workers in the plant. They were taken back to the detention center in a truck. In front of the prison, however, a demonstration march arrived at the same moment, stormed the truck, pulled the accompanying people's police out of the vehicle and disarmed them.
After the rebellion was put down, the authorities investigated the involvement of individuals. No leadership of the protesters was found at Fahlberg-List. In response to these events, the so-called combat groups were formed at Fahlberg-List in 1954 .
As a forerunner of the later civil defense , there was also an air defense operating committee .
The 1950s
The production of the very toxic lime and arsenic preparations was stopped in 1953. Instead, the production of plant protection products based on hexachlorocyclohexane , which had already been developed by Rammelt, Fürst and Joachim Lang in 1946 , was started on a small scale and then on an industrial scale from 1958/60 . In 1954 Fahlberg-List brought the peppermint candy Pfeffi onto the market. The sweets developed as a counterpart to the Vivil available in West Germany enjoyed great popularity. At the beginning of the 1960s, the production of the Pfeffis was relocated to the Konsü- Markkleeberg plant. From 1954 to 1958, the future Lord Mayor of Magdeburg, Werner Herzig , was secretary of the SED company party organization. In 1956 an apprentice dormitory was built for 120 apprentices.
In 1955, the production of Parkopan (active ingredient Trihexyphenidyl ), a drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, started . In the same year, a start was made to rebuild the Melipax production line, the superphosphate plant was modernized and the construction of a new power plant began. Melipax was a non-dangerous biocide for bees , especially against the rapeseed beetle based on toxaphene . The name of the head of the zoological department of the plant's biological institute, Hans Tielecke , is associated with the development and testing of Melipax . A second Melipax production line followed in 1962, and capacity was further expanded in 1972.
In 1956/57 the technical center and the glass blowing workshop were built at Alt Westerhüsen 50. In addition, a neutralization plant for the wastewater was put into operation. Various new products were introduced in 1957. In addition to Antalin , an appetite suppressant was made with Obesin (active ingredient propylhexedrine ) . Colobaryte came onto the market as an X-ray contrast medium . From 1958 to 1960 Dieter Heise was head of the pharmaceutical research department. In 1958 the production of acaricides for use against ticks and mites followed. One focus was the production of seed dressings . With the testing and further development of these individual Falisan become known product group, the name of the 1953 working as a department head in the Biological Institute of the company until 1973, Wilhelm Adolf Bollmann connected. In 1957, Heinz Cassebaum became laboratory manager, a position that he held until 1991.
In order to counteract the problems of supplying the GDR population with consumer goods, GDR companies were obliged to manufacture consumer goods from the 1950s onwards. Against this background, Fahlberg-List took up the production of refrigerators, which was not part of the industry, in October 1958 . In addition, however, mainly sweeteners and agents for weed and pest control were produced for the end consumer market.
In 1958 Fahlberg List took over, back to state reason shares of in Delitzsch existing, still privately owned company, Delicia , which was active in the field of pesticides and veterinary drugs.
In order to meet the plant's water requirements, a filter system for filtering the Elbe water was built in 1959. A water purification system was also installed later.
The 1960s
In the years 1959/60 three high silos were built near the banks of the Elbe. Apatite , a calcium phosphate used as a fertilizer, was stored in the silos . Each of the silos built using the construction sliding process had a capacity of 8,000 tons. The stored apatite was split with the help of sulfuric acid and processed into superphosphate . The Fahlberg-List logo was placed on the silos so that it can be seen from afar. The silos still define the landscape in southeast Magdeburg as a visible landmark. In the period up to 1962, the superphosphate plant near the silos was completely modernized. On November 11, 1962, Chemical Worker's Day , the new superphosphate plant went into operation after a four-year construction period and an investment volume of 15 million DM. It was now possible to produce superphosphate to the extent of around 50 to 60 railroad cars per day. In particular, the fluorine absorption system was expanded in several steps in order to reduce the odor nuisance for the residents. Superphosphate production accounted for about a third of the plant's production.
In 1960 the traditional chemical plant Hermania in Schönebeck (Elbe) , which had existed since 1793, was taken over. Mainly the borax , calcium chloride and frits required for the glass industry were produced there for the ceramic industry. Furthermore, the site of a plant called coal dust factory, which is adjacent to the Salbker plant to the north, was incorporated. In the same year a scientific and technical center (WTZ) was established in the company, which existed until 1970.
The export had increased in volume. In the pre-war period, there were supply relationships in 25 countries. In the early 1960s, Falima products were exported to 46 countries. In addition to classics such as saccharin, lindane-based pesticides and pharmaceuticals in particular were shipped abroad. In the areas of crop protection and pest control to Fahlberg List developed into a leading company in the GDR and also played in the relevant research in the RGW -countries an essential role. From 1960 Edgar Jassmann was head of pharmacy research . Even Herbert Rasenberger , later local historian and author, was employed from 1960 at the factory.
Lindane
Between 1959 and 1961, lindane production , which had existed since 1946, was expanded. The chemist Hans Bendix , who worked as technical director, played a decisive role in the rapid expansion of production . The fact that for every ton of Lindans produced there were 14 tons of HCH residue turned out to be problematic. Despite the considerable odor and environmental pollution associated with this, these residues were disposed of at the Cracauer Anger landfill east of Magdeburg from 1960 to 1964 with the approval of the state authorities . From August 1964 the disposal took place in two former quarries in Emden near Haldensleben . In May 1964, the municipality of Emden initially rejected the disposal, but later agreed. A total of 76,000 tons were disposed of in Emden. At the beginning of the 1970s, other products were brought onto the market whose effects were based on lindane. It was not until 1981 that the ecologically questionable lindane production was stopped.
At the location of the plant itself and in the surrounding area, the various production processes in the chemical plant caused considerable environmental pollution. Even in local history GDR literature from the 1970s, reference is made to the harmful effects of the "exhaust gases from VEB Fahlberg-List", especially for the protected forest area of the Kreuzhorst , which is located opposite the factory premises on the other side of the Elbe. "Smoke damage" is particularly complained of for the oaks. In 1970 the boiler house was equipped with a selenium rectifier for dedusting . The installation of a filter for the exhaust gases from the superphosphate plant was announced for 1971. Nevertheless, the environmental pollution caused by the plant remained serious.
On December 24, 1962, a sublimate plant was put into operation, which was used to manufacture disinfectants . The production of zinc phosphide was transferred to the Delicia plant in Delitzsch . The ampoule was relocated from the main plant to the Alt Westerhüsen 50 plant in October 1962. New developments of this time were Elbanil ( Chlorpropham ), a herbicide for onion cultivation, marketed from 1963, the cardiovascular agent Falicor in 1964 and the herbicide Propanil for vegetable production in 1965 . In an interview with Neues Deutschland on September 4, 1964, Hans Bendix, Director of Research and Development at Fahlberg-List, confirmed when asked that the GDR's chemical industry was lagging behind leading countries in the field of herbicides. Bendix called for a better concentration of the research forces and an expansion of the competencies of the scientific-technical center.
The production of gel oxide , a substance required for paint production, increased significantly from 1966 onwards. Falicor became a major focus from 1970 and was produced in three shifts from October of that year.
Electronic data processing found its way into the plant between 1964 and 1968 . Problems were caused by the planned purchase of a Robotron 300 computer in April 1967 , which Fahlberg-List rejected as too expensive and unprofitable for production. A Robotron 100 electronic punch card calculator was actually used from January 1967 .
In 1967 Fahlberg-List took over a neighboring branch of the VEB washing agent factory in Genthin , which up until then had been producing straw board , whose production had been discontinued.
In 1970 the chemist Christian Stöckel replaced Richard Krams as operations director. But Krams stayed with the company and became director of plan implementation. His area of responsibility also included the function of a director for production. The lack of labor was particularly problematic for production. In the early 1970s, 92 production positions were vacant. Attempts were made to remedy the situation with the work of students from the Westerhüsen engineering school and workers from various LPGs . Prisoners continued to be used in the company. From 1971 Paul Held was the company's research director. In 1972 production of the beet herbicidal active ingredient FL 195 began .
Fahlberg-List had its own folk art ensemble that performed on various occasions. In 1970 it took part in a dance arts festival in the Hungarian town of Fünfkirchen , and in 1971 the ensemble visited the Soviet Donetsk . The repertoire included folk dances , contemporary dances, a jumping group and a fanfare procession . The 110-person group rehearsed in the plant's cultural center.
From 1970 to 1972, a new sulfuric acid plant was built on the former site of the so-called coal dust factory. The construction was carried out by a Polish chemical plant with the use of up to 180 Polish workers and engineers. The liquid sulfur required to operate the plant , 100 tons per day, was also imported from Poland. Trial operation began on June 15, 1973. The plant produced 110,000 tons of sulfuric acid annually and thus around a third of the GDR production. The steam generated in the process was used to heat the plant. The heating plant was rebuilt between 1973 and 1975 and then operated on a natural gas basis .
The 1973 oil crisis also affected the work at Fahlberg-List. The number of vehicles was reduced in 1974, and Fahlberg-List temporarily issued reference brands for gasoline and diesel. However, the number of private vehicles had also increased significantly over the decades, so that in 1974 an employee parking lot was created opposite the Salbke post office instead of gardens.
The product range now comprised 130 end products, with Fahlberg-List mostly being the sole manufacturer in the GDR. The average wage of the employees was 802 marks.
In 1978 the West German news magazine Der Spiegel reported on Professor Adolf-Henning Frucht, who was arrested in 1967 as a spy in the GDR . Frucht said that in his opinion, among other things, the VEB Fahlberg-List is developing and manufacturing chemical warfare agents. In the 1980s, NATO suspected basic research into chemical weapons , including at Fahlberg-List.
Development from 1979
The head office, which remained in Magdeburg, was incorporated into the then newly founded combine Agrochemie Piesteritz in 1979 and developed into the most important manufacturer of pharmaceuticals in the GDR, supplying Czechoslovakia and Poland as well as the Soviet Union . In 1979 the range of X-ray contrast media was expanded. From 1980 a biological research institute was operated on a field near Fermersleben . Here mainly pesticides were tested, partly in greenhouses. In 1980, major structural measures necessitated the renewal of the quay wall built in 1966 . In 1981 a Hungarian company built a water tower of the Aquaglobus type .
A built as a pilot plant mildew - Fungicide Plant went into operation in the autumn of the 1981st In the same year, after just nine months of development, falivarone with the active ingredient azoxybenzene , a means to combat the varroa mite in honey bees, was launched. On November 16, 1981, the production of the ecologically dangerous lindane was stopped after more than three decades and the dismantling of the plant began. The pharmaceutical packaging department received a fluidized bed granulator in February 1982 . In 1984/1985, saccharin production was modernized with the construction of a new building.
With the aim of saving diesel, a steam storage locomotive was acquired for the works railway in 1984 . However, due to technical factors, the locomotive was rarely used. The intended acquisition of two more such locomotives was therefore omitted. In September of that year, a solid material store was built in the northern part of the factory premises.
In 1985 Richard Krams retired. Peter Grohmann took over the function of director for plan implementation . During this time, the number of SED members in the plant is given as 450. 1986 Wilfried Poßner , chairman of the pioneer organization Ernst Thälmann and secretary of the central council of the FDJ visited the plant.
On June 15, 1987, chemists and agricultural scientists from 16 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America met in the course of a UNIDO course to complete a one-week course in the Fahlberg List. The content dealt with the standardization, quality control and analysis of agrochemicals . It was not the only course of its kind.
Economic problems arose for the plant, as certain materials were not available in sufficient quantities. Above all, packaging materials such as canisters, barrels, sacks and the like were missing. Despite the problems, the production of goods in 1986 was more than 500 million marks. 40% of this was plant protection products, 30% superphosphate, 20% pharmaceutical products and 10% basic materials and chemical-technical products. The number of products remained at around 130, about half of which had only been introduced in the previous 15 years. During this time, the plant also included 237 company apartments . In 1984 a polytechnic center was set up together with the Salbke Reichsbahn repair shop , in which the polytechnic lessons for the Salbker and Westerhüser high schools were carried out. The last major investment in the GDR era was the construction of a large kitchen for 8.6 million marks, which was inaugurated on October 30, 1989 after a construction period of 20 months. The new building had been in demand for 20 years, but was postponed several times. The first secretary of the SED district leadership, Werner Eberlein , was a guest at the plant for the inauguration . At the turn of the year 1989/1990 the company employed around 2,400 people.
Political change from 1989
The political turning point of 1989 also led to sudden changes at Fahlberg-List. The combat group was disbanded and the SED factory party organization was integrated into the normal production process. Speaker councils were formed as a forerunner of a works council to be elected.
An action by Greenpeace caused a stir . On April 30, 1990 the ship Beluga of the environmental protection organization anchored in the Elbe off Fahlberg-List. The plant's sewer pipes were closed to prevent industrial sewage from being discharged. With the action, Greenpeace wanted to draw attention to the strong pollution caused by the Fahlberg List. With the laboratory on the Beluga, Greenpeace had detected chlorophenols , benzenes , toluenes , xylenes and pesticides . The company discharged wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand of 1222 mg / l into the river. According to West German law, a limit value of 50 mg / l would have applied. Fahlberg-List announced that it would end the pollution of the Elbe by 1993. At first, however, work was continued with special permits. On May 2, 1990, a discussion about the future of the plant was held between the management, the water management department and Greenpeace. In response to the protest, the plant management immediately closed two operating departments and two further production sections, which were scheduled to be closed by the end of 1990 due to the existing environmental pollution. 80 jobs were affected by the closure. However, they were initially employed elsewhere within the plant. The management rejected the request by Greenpeace against the background of the associated environmental pollution with benzene to shut down herbicide production for sugar beet cultivation. However, measures were announced to reduce the benzene content. In an interview, operations manager Christian Stöckel stated that the company was not aware of the environmental dangers posed by Fahlberg-List to the necessary extent. In particular, no money had been allocated to the plant for modern measuring instruments with high sensitivity.
In 1990, as part of the privatization by the Treuhand , the company's name was changed to Chemische und Pharmazeutische Fabriken Fahlberg-List GmbH . There were talks about a cooperation with the West German Schering AG . With the introduction of the market economy and the DM as a means of payment, the company's economic situation deteriorated. The production turned out to be unprofitable and often not competitive. In addition, there were the new environmental protection requirements . As of July 1, 1990, 1,500 employees were on short-time work . In order to maintain the company, a significant downsizing was considered necessary. On September 19, 1990, dismissal talks began for 800 of the 1,800 employees. A social plan in the millions was agreed. The number of Fahlberg List employees fell to 1000 by the end of the year. The Treuhand assessed Fahlberg List as capable of restructuring. In fact, the company increased its sales to 41 million DM in the second half of 1990. The weighting of the production areas had shifted. The pharmaceutical division generated 60% of sales. Plant protection products also remained important.
At the beginning of 1991 there were press reports again, according to which Fahlberg-List should have also produced nerve gas and weapons of mass destruction for Iraq , among others . The reports were decidedly denied by the management.
privatization
At the end of 1991 Fahlberg-List still had around 700 employees. On January 1, 1992, Salutas Pharma GmbH , a subsidiary of Hexal AG , acquired the pharmaceutical division of Fahlberg-List. The pharmaceutical sector employed 186 people at the time. Pharmaceutical production was relocated to the newly built pharmaceutical and logistics center in Barleben near Autobahn 2 in 1993 . Initially there were plans to build new production facilities at the previous location or at a location south of the Magdeburg district of Reform . However, this project was not implemented. As of 1995, 1,300 employees were employed in Barleben to manufacture 300 active pharmaceutical ingredients and over 10,000 different substances.
The Hermania in Schönebeck as well as the contract production of the crop protection division of the main plant were started on June 5, 1992 by Dr. Schirm AG acquired. Some important facilities of the main plant were also leased. The remaining chemicals division with 370 employees was then wound up by 1995.
Todays situation
The development of the once densely built-up industrial area of the main plant was largely demolished and cleared. In 1995 the tablet house with its striking clock tower from the end of the 19th century , which was only renovated in the 1990s, was demolished. The administrative buildings on the street side were preserved, some of which still house offices today. The northernmost wing along Oschersleber Strasse was demolished in 2013. In the northern area there is still a production plant of the Schirm AG. The distinctive silos are used by Getreide AG as grain silos. In 1998/1999, a large warehouse belonging to Elbe-Börde-Terminal GmbH , which can hold over 34,000 tons of grain, was added to the west side of the silos . The future use of the rest of the area is unclear. Due to the considerable contamination in the soil, new developments for commercial purposes or even as a residential location on the Elbe are proving to be difficult.
The Alt Salbke 63 building is one of the remaining street-side buildings on the Fahlberg List site and is a listed building . It was created in 1894 in a late Classicist design and flanks the main entrance to the plant on the north side. The building, made of bricks, has a medium risalit with a relatively flat gable . In the center of the facade there is the figure Mercury in a niche. To the left and right of the figure two large, divided segmental arched windows are inserted. The facade is structured vertically by pillar-like projections along the window axes.
At the address Alt Salbke 49 was the former home of the company's founder Constantin Fahlberg. To the north was the Alt Salbke 48 house, used by the family . The houses, initially privately owned by Fahlberg and later by his widow, later belonged to the company. The respective plant director lived in the Alt Salbke 49 building. After 1989, Alt Salbke 49 was first renovated by the new property owner, Canada-Bau GmbH Braunschweig . However, in order to achieve better visibility from the main street for a planned Lidl supermarket, the historic buildings were then demolished by Canada-Bau GmbH in 2008.
The history of the plant was presented in an exhibition Falima , which was held in the vacant administration building on Alt Salbke , which was in need of renovation, from June 1 to 9, 2012 .
In November 2013, the constituency office of Olaf Meister , member of the Green Party, was set up in the southern administration building , but was then moved to Alt Salbke 89 in 2014.
Accidents
On Tuesday, April 28, 1931, an explosion occurred in the Hora rat poison bottling plant, killing ten people. It is assumed that when potash nitrate was poured into a mixing drum, something fell into a protective net and later red phosphorus was added. Presumably the 38-year-old worker Wilhelm Arlt accidentally ignited the dangerous mixture when rifles hit the net, whereupon the whole mixing drum and then two box vans with Hora rat powder next to it exploded. Arlt and six young workers died instantly. Three other women later died from their injuries. Until the 1990s, there was a communal grave facility for the victims at the Salbke cemetery . It was assumed that the additions of, among other things, 2% red phosphorus, which were made to increase the effectiveness of the rat poison, contributed to the disaster. The red phosphorus had only been used on a trial basis for a few days.
In 1956, five firefighters were seriously injured in a fire at the plant.
On October 2, 1961, two tons of chlorine escaped due to negligent behavior during repair work on a pipeline that was in operation. There was one death, five seriously injured and around 100 slightly injured.
In 1963 there was a major fire in lindane production that was fought by the company fire brigade and the fire brigades from Magdeburg-Mitte and Buckau.
A tank of liquid sulfur leaked on July 14, 1982. With the construction of protective dams and pits, the fire brigade tried to limit the damage and prevent the 1,400 tons of sulfur from spontaneously igniting. The riot police and the combat group were also called in. After a few weeks, the dried sulfur could be transported away and used again.
On August 9, 1988 there was an average in Schönebeck . The warehouse of the local Hermania , part of the VEB Fahlberg-List , burned out. 812 tons of pesticides were stored in the hall , which ended up in the Elbe with the extinguishing water . Although the explosiveness of the incident should not be made public, employees of the analytical laboratory von Fahlberg-List and the Magdeburg water authority took samples of the Elbe water from Schönebeck to Boizenburg in order to document the incident. Extremely high concentrations of various pesticides were found. The incident was reported in the GDR press as a “fire in a warehouse in Schönebeck”. There was no danger to the environment. According to these press reports, five people, including four firefighters, were injured. The extinguishing work would have taken two hours. In 1990 the news magazine Spiegel reported again on the incident, but inadvertently assigned it to the explosives plant , which is also located in Schönebeck . The managing director of Fahlberg-List, Detlef Reichl, also denied the occurrence of environmental damage in 1990. He told the press that in 1988 the gullies had been closed in good time so that chemicals could not have run off into the Elbe.
Awards
On November 3, 1977, Gerald Götting (CDU) presented the award Banner of Work in Level I in the Falima Culture House. In 1974 Erich Honecker handed over the honorary banner of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party to Fahlberg-List in Berlin . In 1984 the company received the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold from the deputy minister for the chemical industry, Dieter Knoch . Individual employees or working groups also repeatedly received major awards. In 1981 a group around Werner von Berg and Wolfgang Rodewald received the banner of the 3rd stage of work for research and development in the field of tropical agriculture. The lindane department also received this award. The first bearer of the Karl Marx Order in the company was the worker Paul Böttner in 1973 . Another Karl Marx medal went to chemical worker Walter Wagner in 1984 .
Company fire brigade
Fahlberg-List had its own company fire brigade since 1908. In a report dated 26 August 1945, the Soviet commandant is Werkfeuerwehr of Fahlberg list along with two other works fire brigades as the only remaining functioning fire departments in Magdeburg informed. Until 1973, the company fire brigade was subordinate to the municipal professional fire brigade , after which it was run as its own professional fire department. In addition to the voluntary works fire brigade, which was only operational between 7 a.m. and 4 p.m., there was a command center that was operational around the clock. A full-time fire safety inspector was also employed at the plant.
literature
- Herbert Rasenberger : From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. dr. ziethen verlag, Oschersleben 2009, ISBN 978-3-938380-06-2 .
- Sabine Ullrich: Industrial architecture in Magdeburg. Breweries, mills, sugar and chicory industries. State capital Magdeburg 2003, p. 229 ff.
- State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt (Ed.): Monument Directory Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 14. State capital Magdeburg. Michael Imhof Verlag Petersberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86568-531-5 , pp. 50, 54
- Head of the SED company party organization and operations director of the VEB Fahlberg-List Magdeburg (Ed.): From the capitalist saccharine factory to the socialist VEB Fahlberg-List Magdeburg. 1886-1986. Magdeburg 1986
- Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (ed.): Company archives say - In the archive files of VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, leafed through , series B teaching materials, series 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel
Web links
- Archives in the State Archive of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg ( online research )
- Presentation of the company's history ( memento of January 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on the Salutas Pharma GmbH website
- short history of the Saccharin-Fabrik AG vorm. Fahlberg, List & Co. in the catalog of the 39th auction of historical securities of the auction house Vladimir Gutkowski, Kneitlingen on November 3, 2008 (PDF, 1.68 MB)
- Early documents and newspaper articles on the Fahlberg List in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Main Archives Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Report J53.
- ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (ed.): Work regulations of the Saccharin Factory A.-G. in company archives say - In the archive files of VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, leafed through , series B teaching materials, series 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel, page 17.
- ↑ a b Horst-Günther Heinicke: Fahlberg-List. In: Guido Heinrich, Gunter Schandera (ed.): Magdeburg Biographical Lexicon 19th and 20th centuries. Biographical lexicon for the state capital Magdeburg and the districts of Bördekreis, Jerichower Land, Ohrekreis and Schönebeck. Scriptum, Magdeburg 2002, ISBN 3-933046-49-1 , p. 428.
- ↑ 125 years of the Magdeburg fire brigade , Scriptum Verlag Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , page 123.
- ^ The Sacharinschiebungen in Magdeburg In: Volksstimme . January 28, 1920.
- ^ The control devices on the saccharine factory In: Volksstimme . January 31, 1920.
- ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (ed.): Company archives say - In the archive files of VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, leafed through , series B teaching materials, volume 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel, page 10.
- ↑ State Main Archives Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Report J54 No. 2081.
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 44.
- ↑ Georges Goris, Memories
- ↑ a b Georges Goris, work memories in memories .
- ^ A b Revolution at Fahlberg-List-AG in New Germany from May 1, 1949, page 4 .
- ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (eds.): Schmidt, Rohde, Heerdt, memo on the departure of the board and the chemists of the Fahlberg-List Aktiengesellschaft Magdeburg from September 7, 1945 in the company archives from - In the archive files of VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, leafed through , series B teaching materials, series 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel, page 12.
- ↑ a b Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (ed.): Schmidt, Rohde, Heerdt, memo on the departure of the board of directors and the chemists of Fahlberg-List Aktiengesellschaft Magdeburg from September 7, 1945 in Company archives say - In the archive files of the VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, scrolled , series B teaching materials, series 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel, page 12 f.
- ↑ a b Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (ed.): Schmidt, Rohde, Heerdt, memo on the departure of the board of directors and the chemists of Fahlberg-List Aktiengesellschaft Magdeburg from September 7, 1945 in Company archives say - In the archive files of VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, leafed through , series B teaching materials, series 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel, page 13.
- ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Technical University of Chemistry, Leuna-Merseburg (eds.): Schmidt, Rohde, Heerdt, memo on the departure of the board and the chemists of the Fahlberg-List Aktiengesellschaft Magdeburg from September 7, 1945 in the company archives from - In the archive files of VEB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, leafed through , series B teaching materials, series 1/1960, edited by Heinz Scheel, page 14.
- ^ False reports about dismantling in New Germany from August 9, 1947, page 2 .
- ↑ Die Zeit , issue 44, 1977; quoted from Rasenberger page 168.
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 75.
- ↑ Sweetener worries in the Berliner Zeitung of May 15, 1946, page 2 .
- ↑ Werner Höfer: Clinical experience with Neo-Arsoluin in syphilis treatment. In: German health system. Volume 6, 1951, pp. 1343-1347.
- ^ Dorit Petschel : 175 years of TU Dresden. Volume 3: The professors of the TU Dresden 1828–2003. Edited on behalf of the Society of Friends and Supporters of the TU Dresden e. V. von Reiner Pommerin , Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-412-02503-8 , p. 248.
- ↑ Handbook of the State Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt, II. Electoral period , Halle (Saale), September 1951, page 17.
- ↑ You Prevent Starvation Disasters in New Germany from September 29, 1949, page 5 .
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 88.
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 91.
- ↑ Karl Steinhoff, Why does the party have to educate the masses to be vigilant? in Neues Deutschland from July 13, 1950, page 6 .
- ^ Wilfried Lübeck, June 17, 1953 in Magdeburg. “If the friends hadn't been there, there would have been a defeat.” In “and the most important thing is unity. June 17th in the districts of Halle and Magdeburg “ , Lit Verlag Münster Hamburg London 2003, ISBN 978-3-8258-6775-1 , page 106.
- ^ Volker Koop , June 17, 1953 , Siedler Verlag Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-88680-748-7 , page 183.
- ^ Berliner Zeitung of October 9, 1956, page 2 .
- ↑ New superphosphate plant in New Germany from December 16, 1962, page 5 .
- ↑ Berliner Zeitung of September 29, 1963, page 12 .
- ↑ Magdeburg and its surroundings (= values of our homeland . Volume 19). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973, p. 196.
- ↑ Selenium rectifiers as "dust catchers" in New Germany from August 2, 1970, page 3 .
- ↑ Effective Herbicides to Destroy Weeds in New Germany, September 4, 1964, page 3 .
- ↑ Robotron 100 in Neues Deutschland from January 28, 1967, page 7 .
- ↑ With Soviet helpers, herbicide plant built in New Germany on February 13, 1972 .
- ↑ Neues Deutschland from July 8, 1970, page 4 .
- ↑ Thousands at the folk festival in the Saale floodplain in New Germany on May 8, 1972, page 4 .
- ↑ Käthe Aebi, Experiences from a friendship trip in New Germany from March 6, 1972, page 4 .
- ↑ New sulfuric acid plant at "Fahlberg-List" in trial operation in New Germany on June 16, 1973, page 2 .
- ↑ Gwynne Roberts, Clive Freemann, Poison Clouds - there would be hell going on there, Der Espionagefall Frucht (III.): The interrogation at the State Security Service in Spiegel from June 26, 1978 .
- ^ Poison gas, From the bedroom in Der Spiegel, January 23, 1989 .
- ↑ Kathe Aebi, as young comrades conscientiously perform their first party orders meet in the New Germany of 16 June 1986, page 3 .
- ↑ Katja Elbi, Social policy measures trigger joy everywhere in New Germany from June 3, 1986, page 3 .
- ↑ UNIDO conference began analytical internship in New Germany on June 16, 1987, page 2 .
- ↑ Companies set up a Polytechnic Center in Neues Deutschland on September 22, 1984, page 14 .
- ↑ Conversations about working conditions, trade problems and spare parts in New Germany from October 31, 1989, page 1 .
- ↑ Birgitt Pötzsch, We did not fully understand the environmental threat in New Germany from May 3, 1990, page 3 , Rasenberger states May 2, 1990, but on this day New Germany reported for the first time about the action.
- ↑ Greenpeace: Bulkheads tight for poison pipes in New Germany of May 2, 1990, page 3 .
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 208 f.
- ↑ Birgitt Pötzsch, We were not fully aware of the environmental hazard in New Germany of May 3, 1990, page 3 .
- ↑ The wave of layoffs rolls in Neues Deutschland on September 20, 1990, page 3 .
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 211 f.
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 40 f .; other but incorrect information: April 8, 1931, according to 125 years of the Magdeburg fire brigade , Scriptum Verlag Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , page 157.
- ^ Phosphorus death in the southeast in the Volksstimme of May 9, 1931.
- ↑ Berliner Zeitung of June 17, 1956, page 2 .
- ↑ Rasenberger: From the sweet beginning to the bitter end. Page 129; other information: October 3, 1961, according to 125 Years of the Magdeburg Fire Brigade , Scriptum Verlag Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , page 157.
- ↑ 125 years of the Magdeburg fire brigade , Scriptum Verlag Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , page 157.
- ↑ 106 injured according to 125 years of the Magdeburg fire brigade , Scriptum Verlag Magdeburg 1999, ISBN 3-933046-23-8 , page 157.
- ↑ Fires and explosions brought poison and death. In: Berliner Zeitung of March 2, 1994. Available online at berlinonline.de .
- ↑ Fire in a warehouse in Schönebeck in New Germany on August 11, 1988, page 2 .
- ^ No environmental scandal in the explosives plant in the Berliner Zeitung of July 24, 1990, page 2 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 18.4 " N , 11 ° 40 ′ 19.2" E