Zinc phosphide

Crystal structure
	__ Zn 2+ __ P 3−
General
Surname	Zinc phosphide
other names	Trizinc phosphide; Trizinc diphosphide;
Ratio formula	Zn 3 P 2
Brief description	dark gray tetragonal crystals or powder with a faint smell of phosphine
External identifiers / databases
EC number	215-244-5
ECHA InfoCard	100,013,859
PubChem	25113606
Wikidata	Q204906
properties
Molar mass	258.12 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.55 g cm −3
Melting point	> 420 ° C
boiling point	~ 1100 ° C
solubility	slowly decomposes in water
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 260-300-410
	EUH: 029-032
	P: 223-231 + 232-264-273-370 + 378-422
MAK	0.1 mg m −3
Toxicological data	12 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; 2000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rabbit , transdermal ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Zinc phosphide (more precisely trizinc diphosphide) is a chemical compound from the group of phosphides . They are dark gray crystals or a dark gray powder.

presentation

The production of zinc phosphide can be done directly from the elements:

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {3 \ Zn + 2 \ P \ longrightarrow Zn_ {3} P_ {2}}}

properties

Zinc phosphide is a gray reactive chemical that may a. can react violently with oxidizing agents , acids , water or alkalis . The decomposition of zinc phosphide, however, only takes place at very high temperatures to form phosphorus and zinc or the respective oxides . The compound has a tetragonal crystal structure with the space group P 4 ₂ / nmc (No. 137) (a = 8.113 Å, c = 11.47 Å ). Template: room group / 137

The modification zinc diphosphide ZnP ₂ , which forms in the open system or at low P pressure and temperature, consists of red to orange-colored needles. This has a tetragonal crystal structure with the space group P 4 ₁ 2 ₁ 2 (No. 92) . Template: room group / 92

use

Like other phosphides ( aluminum phosphide or calcium phosphide ), zinc phosphide is also used to control voles and other rodents. It acts as a food poison , as toxic phosphine is formed when it comes into contact with stomach acid .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Zn_ {3} P_ {2} +6 \ HCl \ longrightarrow 2 \ PH_ {3} +3 \ ZnCl_ {2}}}

Poison wheat often consists of wheat grains treated with zinc phosphide.

Poisoning, including in wild animals and domestic animals

There are many publications on poisoning with a suicidal or accidental background as well as poisoning diagnosis in wild animals and domestic animals.

safety instructions

Even with humidity in the air, zinc phosphide emits toxic and highly flammable gases ( monophosphane and diphosphine ). These can under certain circumstances ignite by themselves. Zinc phosphide also reacts with acids to form phosphines .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Entry on zinc phosphide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ Entry on Trizinc diphosphide in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Georg Brauer (ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 1031.
↑ Safety data sheet for poison wheat ( memento of October 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at frunol-delicia.de (PDF), accessed on July 7, 2016.
↑ E. Doğan, A. Güzel, T. Ciftçi, I. Aycan, F. Celik, B. Cetin, G. Ö. Kavak: Zinc phosphide poisoning. In: Case Rep Crit Care. 2014, p. 589712. PMID 25101186 .
^ H. Hassanian-Moghaddam, M. Shahnazi, N. Zamani, M. Rahimi, H. Bahrami-Motlagh, H. Amiri: Plain abdominal radiography: a powerful tool to prognosticate outcome in patients with zinc phosphide poisoning. In: Clin Radiol. Volume 69, No. 10, Oct 2014, pp. 1062-1065. PMID 25037147 .
↑ : RJ image fur, WK Rumbeiha, KL Schuler, CU Meteyer, PL Wolff, CM Gillin A review of episodes of zinc phosphide toxicosis in wild geese (Branta spp.), Oregon (2004-2011). In: J Vet Diagn Invest. Volume 25, No. 1, Jan 2013, pp. 162-167. PMID 23293161 .
^ SL Gray, JA Lee, LR Hovda, AG Brutlag: Potential zinc phosphide rodenticide toxicosis in dogs: 362 cases (2004-2009). In: J Am Vet Med Assoc. Volume 239, No. 5, Sep 1, 2011, pp. 646-651. PMID 21879965 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Entry on zinc phosphide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[CLP_100.013.859-2] Entry on Trizinc diphosphide in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[brauer-3] Georg Brauer (ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 1031.

[Fischar-4] Safety data sheet for poison wheat ( memento of October 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at frunol-delicia.de (PDF), accessed on July 7, 2016.

[5] E. Doğan, A. Güzel, T. Ciftçi, I. Aycan, F. Celik, B. Cetin, G. Ö. Kavak: Zinc phosphide poisoning. In: Case Rep Crit Care. 2014, p. 589712. PMID 25101186 .

[6] H. Hassanian-Moghaddam, M. Shahnazi, N. Zamani, M. Rahimi, H. Bahrami-Motlagh, H. Amiri: Plain abdominal radiography: a powerful tool to prognosticate outcome in patients with zinc phosphide poisoning. In: Clin Radiol. Volume 69, No. 10, Oct 2014, pp. 1062-1065. PMID 25037147 .

[7] : RJ image fur, WK Rumbeiha, KL Schuler, CU Meteyer, PL Wolff, CM Gillin A review of episodes of zinc phosphide toxicosis in wild geese (Branta spp.), Oregon (2004-2011). In: J Vet Diagn Invest. Volume 25, No. 1, Jan 2013, pp. 162-167. PMID 23293161 .

[8] SL Gray, JA Lee, LR Hovda, AG Brutlag: Potential zinc phosphide rodenticide toxicosis in dogs: 362 cases (2004-2009). In: J Am Vet Med Assoc. Volume 239, No. 5, Sep 1, 2011, pp. 646-651. PMID 21879965 .