Juvenile court

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This article or paragraph describes the situation in Germany , Austria and Switzerland . Help me to describe the situation in other countries.

A juvenile court deals primarily with the criminal misconduct of juveniles .

Germany

Juvenile courts

The juvenile court is the criminal court dealing with the misconduct of young people and adolescents ( Section 33 JGG ). Juvenile courts are the criminal judge as juvenile judge , the juvenile lay judge and the youth chamber . Juvenile courts can also be responsible if children or young people are injured or directly endangered by criminal offenses or misconduct by adults, as well as for offenses by adults against regulations that serve the protection of young people or the education of young people ( youth protection matters , § 26 GVG ).

A juvenile judge leads and later supervises in his capacity as enforcement manager the enforcement of all measures of punishment of an act ordered according to the Juvenile Court Act.

The first juvenile courts were established in Germany from 1908 after the North American model through a business distribution plan as special departments of the criminal courts. The establishment of special juvenile courts has been required by law since the Youth Courts Act was introduced in 1923.

A juvenile court assistance must also be used. She brings socio-educationally important points into court proceedings and helps to decide whether adolescents will be convicted under youth criminal law.

School meals

In the criminal educational project Teen Court ( Student Court ) and the judges are young people.

Austria

In juvenile criminal matters and in proceedings against young adults , the main hearing and judgment is incumbent on the regional court as a jury court (Section 27 Youth Courts Act 1988 (JGG)). Each jury court must include four persons who are active or have been active in the teaching profession, as educators or in public or private child and youth welfare or youth care (Section 28 JGG). The judges and public prosecutors who are entrusted with juvenile criminal matters must also have the necessary pedagogical understanding and should have special knowledge in the fields of psychology and social work (Section 30 JGG). The public prosecutor's office or the court in whose district the accused has or had his habitual residence at the start of the criminal proceedings is or had local jurisdiction for juvenile criminal matters (Section 29 JGG).

Switzerland

The Swiss juvenile courts are responsible for persons who have committed an offense threatened with punishment between the ages of 10 and 18 (Art. 1 Juvenile Criminal Procedure Code JStPO, Art. 3 Para. 1 Juvenile Criminal Law JStGB). Members of the youth court are the youth judges, the youth lawyers represent the indictment before the youth court (Art. 6 JStPO). The juvenile court is composed of the President and two assessors (Art. 7 JStPO). In the process, the protection and education of young people are essential. Age and stage of development are to be taken into account appropriately (Art. 4 JStPO). Art. 66 ff. EG-StPO contain supplementary provisions for the youth criminal process such as the termination of proceedings in the event of successful mediation (Art. 17 JStPO) as well as the execution of pre-trial detention and sanctions.

Liechtenstein

The Juvenile Court Act regulates how juveniles (according to Article 2 everyone between the ages of 14-17 years) who have committed an act threatening a criminal offense should be dealt with. The responsible court is the juvenile court .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Walter : 100 Years of Juvenile Courts, 100 Years of Juvenile Court Assistance Lecture, 2008
  2. ^ Andreas Roth : The emergence of juvenile criminal law. The problem of the criminal treatment of young people in the period before the First World War. ZNR 1991, pp. 17-40
  3. ↑ Sybille Kaufmann: Mediation according to Juvenile Criminal Law Art. 8 Website accessed on November 24, 2018
  4. ↑ Introductory Act to the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure and Youth Criminal Procedure (EG-StPO) of August 3, 2010 (as of July 1, 2018)