Juvenile prison system
Juvenile detention is the umbrella term for the execution of prison sentences in the broader sense (in Germany mostly juvenile sentences according to juvenile criminal law ) on young people and adolescents. The penal system in Germany mostly takes place in its own youth prisons , in other countries there are often only separate departments in general penal institutions. In Germany, a distinction is made between closed, open and free forms of juvenile detention.
history
The Reich Criminal Code of 1871 already had a provision for the separation of young people and adults in prisons, but this was not applied in practice. The beginnings of the first independent juvenile prison in Prussia in the late Empire lie in Wittlich . The Wittlich youth prison was put into service in 1912 and organized according to the Anglo-American concept of the gradual prison system (with gradual relaxation ), which was then considered progressive . Only male offenders between the ages of 18 and 21 who had to serve at least one year of imprisonment were accommodated in the institution. Inmates between the ages of 12 and 18 were amazingly locked in the neighboring men's prison. Despite this fact, the Wittlich juvenile prison was regarded as a model example of the educationally organized juvenile prison system in Prussia until the Weimar Republic.
Legal regulation
The Federal Constitutional Court has laid down in a judgment in 2006 that the juvenile justice requires its own legal basis. After the federalism reform , it is now the task of the federal states to enact their own youth penal law.
discussion
The juvenile prison system for 14-15 year olds is particularly controversial because of its enormous impact on prisoners.
Web links
literature
- Christine Dörner: Education through punishment. The history of the juvenile prison system , Juventa Verlag GmbH, Munich [u. a.] 1991, ISBN 3-7799-0828-X .
- Florian Ruhs: The juvenile prison system in Germany and its conformity with international and European guidelines, recommendations and international law , in: StudZR 1/2011, pp. 85-100.
- Bernhard Schwaiger: The desire of the law. On the psychoanalysis of juvenile offenders , Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2009, ISBN 978-3-8376-1128-1 .
- Christian Sussner: Juvenile prison system and legislation. The judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court in the context of current developments and its legislative implementation , Verlag Dr. Kovac, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8300-4349-2 .
- Philipp Walkenhorst: Jugendstrafvollzug , in: APuZ 7/2010, pp. 22–28.