Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl

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The Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl was founded in 1890 by Pauline Bohn (1834–1926) and existed until 1920.

prehistory

Before the Napoleonic War of Liberation , a book by Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel (1741–1796) “About the bourgeois improvement of women” was published in Königsberg in 1792 , in which the author advocated for an approximate equality of rights for women. After a bad harvest in East Prussia in 1843, which led to malnutrition and epidemics in the population, the wife of the Königsberg master tailor Schmidtke founded the first “women's association for poor and sick care” (1843/44), which became a model for later housewives' associations. A "Patriotic Women's Association" (1867/68) is also mentioned.

The further development in favor of women's rights initially ran through Berlin. It was here in 1888 that the “Berliner Verein Frauenwohl” was founded under Minna Cauer , Else Lüders and Selma Berend. The club advocated the so-called radical strategy. In contrast, the "moderate", founded in 1892 " Allgemeine Deutsche Frauenverein " (ADF) with Helene Lange (1848-1930) on the board.

This “moderate” ADF, which campaigned exclusively for the rights of women, especially women teachers, was opposed to “radical” groups within the women's movement in Berlin , who refused to cooperate with civil associations. As a result of this development, the women's movement in Berlin was hampered by social and revolutionary unrest.

Association founded in 1890 - goals

In the remote East Prussia, however, the "higher daughter" Pauline Bohn (1834–1926), née. Schwinck, great niece of Theodor von Schön , suggested by Selma Berend to found a "Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl" (KVF) in 1890, which, due to its moderate attitude, soon assumed the leading role of all Prussian-German women's welfare organizations.

In the statutes it was said: "The association stands up for the higher and further education of the female sex in the scientific, commercial and economic field and for the rights of women".

  • Reforming the school system for girls
  • analogous to Berlin: reorganization of the prison system

This was followed by the establishment of numerous regional women's welfare sub-associations in East Prussia, which were later integrated into the "Association of Königsberg Associations". Active women stood by Pauline Bohn's side, such as Anna Reuter, Luise Hippel, Gertrud Fuhr and Marie Therese Gosse.

Seventy women registered to found the Königsberg branch. The training for gymnasts took place in the rooms of the "Cecilienschule", which was used until 1909. The first course with 34 girls was headed by high school professor Georg Ellendt (1840–1908), who had also drawn up the curriculum for it. Another measure was the “training of educated women in nursing in university hospitals”. Finally, the “East Prussian Household School” emerged from the Frauenwohl association. Here teachers were trained in the subject of “housekeeping and female handicrafts” and courses in cooking, needlework and ironing were offered. In addition, the "Staatliche Gewerbeschule für Frauen" (1903) offered career advice, looked after female prisoners and "was active in setting up the asylum for women and girls at risk"

From almost the beginning (around 1892), the clubs in the “Association of Königsberger Vereine” (see above) joined the “General German Women's Association” (ADF) under the leadership of Helene Lange (first founded in 1865 in Leipzig). In a general assembly for participation in the world exhibition in Chicago in 1893, with the help of the participating Pauline Bohn from the Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl (KVF), it was decided to found a " Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine " (BDF from 1894-1933) for Germany . Immediately after it was founded in 1893, the KVF also belonged to the “Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine” (BDF). During the First World War , the KVF helped supply the population and the soldiers, bundled in the newly created “ Königsberger Hausfrauenbund ” under the leadership of Olga Friedemann (1857-1935) and Helene Neumann (1874-1942). There was close contact with Helene Neumann at her union of homeworkers .

After the First World War, the goals formulated in the statutes of the Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl were adopted by the “Königsberger Hausfrauenbund” (KHB), with the clear tendency towards state recognition of this new KHB association as a professional organization: in future home economics should be recognized as a profession.

With the increasing integration of the KVF into the KHB, Bohn dissolved "her" Königsberg association Frauenwohl in 1920. In addition, because of his age, Bohn had recognized that the state and the city of Königsberg wanted domestic girls' education to be handled by the Königsberger Hausfrauenbund.

Publications

  • Pauline Bohn: A quarter of a century of women's work in Königsberg. each supplement Frauenrundschau no.15, no.16, no.17, no.18:
    No. 15, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 171 (1915);
    No. 16, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 183 (1915);
    No. 17, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 195 (1915);
    No. 18, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 207 (1915)
  • Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Work of the East) , Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35

literature

  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding : From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title “Master of Housekeeping”: Pauline Bohn, Elisabet Boehm, Helene Neumann, Olga Friedemann. In: Preußenland No. 7 (2016), pp. 121–146.
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian “housewives' associations” to the professional title of “Master of Housekeeping” , Part 1, Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 86 (2015), pp. 35–41.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Theodor Gottlieb v. Hippel: About the civil improvement of women. Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1792
  2. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Work of the East) , Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35.
  3. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Work of the East) , Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35
  4. ↑ Pauline Bohn: A quarter of a century of women's work in Königsberg. Supplement Frauenrundschau No. 15, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 171 (1915); Supplement Frauenrundschau No. 16, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 183 (1915), Supplement Frauenrundschau No. 17, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 195 (1915); Supplement Frauenrundschau No. 18, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 207 (1915)
  5. ↑ Else Lüders: The left wing. A sheet from the history of the German women's movement, Berlin 1904. In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 060-53, microfiche.
  6. ↑ General German Women's Association (ADF / HLA). In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, B Rep. 235-02-01, microfiche.
  7. ↑ Pauline Bohn: A quarter of a century of women's work in Königsberg. In: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 207 (1915) , supplement Frauenrundschau No. 18, p. 1
  8. ^ Fritz Gause: The history of the city of Königsberg. Volume II, Böhlau, Cologne / Graz 1968, p. 752.
  9. ↑ Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title "Master of Housekeeping". In: Königsberger Bürgerbrief. Volume 86, 2015, pp. 35-41
  10. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a yearbook of the German work of the East) Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein Jg. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35.
  11. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Work of the East) , Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35
  12. ↑ Unknown: Communication. In: Königsberger Hausfrauenzeitung. 207 / No. 18, special supplement Frauenrundschau
  13. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 22, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gelehrtenfamilie-koenigsberg.de
  14. ^ Fritz Gause: The history of the city of Königsberg. Volume II, Böhlau, Cologne / Graz 1968, p. 753.