Pauline Bohn

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Pauline Bohn (born in 1834, died in 1926, unknown date) was an East Prussian women's rights activist and founder of the Königsberg association Frauenwohl .

Life

Pauline Bohn, b. Schwinck was the great niece of Theodor von Schön (1773-1856). She was married to the Königsberg pediatrician Heinrich Bohn (1832–1888) and a member of the “Literary Kränzchen Königsberg” around 1873. Little is known of her private life. For thirty years (from 1890 to 1920) she devoted herself to the endeavor to give working women and homeworkers in East Prussia more rights and recognition for their work, with active women at her side in the first few years. She was supported by the East Prussian women Helene Neumann , Anna Reuter, Luise Hippel, Gertrud Fuhr, Marie Therese Gosse and Olga Friedemann .

Bohn's private life took a back seat to her commitment to the cause: " Young women should be brought up in such a way that they can fill their place in the house well and have equal rights to work alongside and with the man on major cultural tasks. " In this, she agreed with her younger colleagues, Helene Neumann , who successfully managed the home workers' union , and Olga Friedemann, to vigorously argue for the state recognition of the vocational training for "master of housekeeping ". This job title was introduced in the successor organization of the Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl, in the Königsberger Hausfrauenbund , in 1926 in Königsberg.

During the First World War , Bohn personally lent a hand to assist the population and the soldiers at their resting places in matters of food and supplies.

Social environment

In the middle of the 19th century, regulation No. 3261 (1850) from the reign of Friedrich Wilhelm IV still applied to the women's movement : " Preventing an abuse of the right of assembly and association that jeopardizes legal freedom and order ". Here it says: Associations that aim to discuss political issues in meetings should " not accept women, students and apprentices as members ". The groups of people mentioned were even " not allowed to attend the gatherings and meetings of such political associations ". Towards the end of the 19th century and with the beginning of social democracy in Berlin, the situation of women improved throughout Prussia. In Berlin in 1888 the “radical” “ Verein Frauenwohl ” and in 1892 the “moderate” “ Allgemeine Deutsche Frauenverein ” (ADF) were founded with Helene Lange (1848–1930).

plant

Encouraged by Selma Berend, Berlin, Pauline Bohn founded the “Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl” in 1890 with an abundance of regional women's welfare sub-associations in East Prussia. Extract from the statutes of the association: " The association advocates the higher and further education of the female sex in the scientific, commercial and economic field and for the rights of women ".

Seventy women registered in 1890 to found the local branch in Königsberg. One of the first measures Pauline Bohn decided to take was home economics training for gymnasts. The "Cecilienschule" (until 1909) was soon used for this purpose. The school was authorized to train teachers in housekeeping and female handicrafts. She ran quarterly courses in cooking, needlework, and ironing. The first course with 34 girls was headed by high school professor Georg Ellendt (1840–1908), who had also drawn up the curriculum for this. The Cecilienschule (also Cäcilienschule) of the association went - together with the East Prussian Housekeeping School of Luise Hippel and the Popp siblings - to the East Prussian Girls' Trade School (OMGS) on Roßgärter Markt on October 1, 1909 . The first director was Gertrud Fuhr, followed by Marie Therese Gosse. Since the old building on Roßgärter Markt became too narrow in the 1920s, the city took over the task of building a new building from the association in February 1928. The then highly modern building of the new OMGS was built in the Bauhaus style by the architect Hanns Hopp .

Another measure was the “ training of educated women in nursing in university hospitals ”. In the spring of 1893, Bohn was elected to the preparatory committee for the world exhibition that took place in Chicago that same year , at whose general assembly the establishment of a “Federation of German Women's Associations” (BDF from 1894 to 1933) was suggested. Finally, Bohn succeeded in integrating all 32 regional women's welfare associations, clearly defined in legal terms, into the "Association of Königsberg Associations" and in 1914 transferring them to the "Königsberger Hausfrauenbund".

From 1918 Pauline Bohn regulated the transition of her association Frauenwohl and all associations integrated into the " Königsberger Hausfrauenbund ". Subsequently, in 1920 she dissolved the Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl, as the state increasingly declared the education of young women to be its task, similar to the development of the Cecilienschule. But she created the prerequisites for Olga Friedemann and Helene Neumann , with whom she was on friendly terms not only through their Koenigsberger Hausfrauenbund from 1914, could complete their work of having housekeeping given the status of a state-recognized profession, with the Graduated in 1926 as "Master of Housekeeping".

Publications

  • Pauline Bohn: A quarter of a century of women's work in Königsberg , supplement Frauenrundschau No. 15, No. 16, No. 17 and No. 18

No. 15, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 171 (1915), No. 16, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 183 (1915), No. 17, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 195 (1915), No. 18, p. 1, in: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 207 (1915)

  • Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Work of the East), Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35

literature

  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding : From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title “Master of Housekeeping”. Pauline Bohn, Elisabet Boehm, Helene Neumann, Olga Friedemann. In: Preußenland No. 7 (2016), pp. 121–146.
  • Gertrud Brostowski: From the estate household to the East Prussian girls' trade school. In: Life in East Prussia. Memories from New Decades , Munich: Gräfe and Unzer, 1963.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title "Master of Housekeeping". Pauline Bohn, Elisabet Boehm, Helene Neumann, Olga Friedemann. In: Preußenland No. 7 (2016), pp. 121–146.
  2. ^ Christian Tilitzki : The Albertus University of Königsberg. Its history from the founding of the empire to the fall of the province of East Prussia. Vol. 1 (1871-1918), Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2012.
  3. ↑ Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian “housewives' associations” to the professional title of “Master of Housekeeping”. Part 1. In: Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 86 (2015), pp. 35–41.
  4. ^ Fritz Gause: The history of the city of Königsberg. Vol. II, Böhlau, Cologne / Graz 1968, p. 752.
  5. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Labor in the East) , Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein Jg. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35, here p. 35.
  6. ↑ Christa Dericum: The courageous way of Ottilie Baader. In: Die Zeit (1979), No. 32, newspaper clipping without page indication.
  7. ↑ Else Lüders: The left wing. A sheet from the history of the German women's movement. Berlin 1904, in: Helene Lange Archive in the Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 060-53, microfiche.
  8. ↑ General German Women's Association (ADF / HLA) . In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, B Rep. 235-02-01, microfiche.
  9. ↑ Pauline Bohn: A quarter of a century of women's work in Königsberg. In: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 207 (1915), supplement Frauenrundschau No. 18, p. 1.
  10. ↑ Erna Albrecht (Ed.): East Prussian Girls' Trade School and Vocational Education Institute Königsberg. In: The domestic and commercial women's education system in Germany from the beginning to the present. The vocational school. Delivery 12 (1956), pp. 103-110.
  11. ^ Gabriele Wiesemann: Hanns Hopp (1890-1971). Koenigsberg, Dresden, Halle East Berlin. A biographical study of modern architecture. Helms, Schwerin 2000.
  12. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia . In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Work in the East) , Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein Vol. 2 (1921) pp. 33–35, here p. 34.
  13. ↑ Pauline Bohn: A quarter of a century of women's work in Königsberg. In: Königsberger Hartung'sche Zeitung No. 207 (1915), supplement Frauenrundschau No. 18, p. 1
  14. ^ Fritz Gause: The history of the city of Königsberg. Vol. II, Böhlau, Cologne / Graz 1968, p. 723.
personal data
SURNAME Bohn, Pauline
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Women's rights activist and founder of the Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl
DATE OF BIRTH 1834
DATE OF DEATH 1926