Olga Friedemann

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Olga Friedemann, Koenigsberg, 1930

Olga Friedemann (born July 16, 1857 in Plaschken , Tilsit district , Prussian Lithuania ; † August 23, 1935 in Königsberg i. Pr. ) Was a German women's rights activist and housekeeping manager. It is thanks to her that the professional title “Master of Housekeeping” was introduced in Königsberg in 1926.

Life

Olga Friedemann was born in an East Prussian parsonage in Plaschken near Tilsit as the eldest daughter of Superintendent Moritz Friedemann (? –1903) and his wife Anna, nee. Riepa. On August 14, 1857, she was baptized by Pastor Strohmann. Her godparents were Amalie Riepa from Kaukehmen, Emilie Klokow from Karszewiszken and August Steppuhn from Pilwarren. A sister Anna was a librarian at the Göttingen University Library. The brother Bernhard Friedemann (1869–1929) continued the line. A granddaughter Susanne, married Schnoor, lived in Aurich.

After school, Friedemann attended a seminar in Tilsit and, at the age of 18, took a teacher examination in Königsberg. In 1883 she accepted a position as a teacher in the Ore Mountains . Shortly thereafter, her mother died unexpectedly, whereupon she immediately returned home to look after her father, the two younger sisters and brother Bernhard. After the death of her father, she moved to Königsberg. She was primarily interested in the East Prussian homeworker movement around Pauline Bohn with her well-organized Königsberg association Frauenwohl , Margarete Behm and Helene Neumann with the union for homeworkers she founded.

“I soon became keenly interested in social work, especially trade union issues. Here I found the opportunity to study the entire trade union movement in practice, to get to know the connections between the individual professional associations, employee and employer organizations, to establish personal contact with almost all workers' leaders and to fathom the psyche of the employers from my own experience ”.

“The homeworker movement cast a spell over Olga Friedemann.” Friedemann was elected to health insurance committees in order to be able to exert influence. As a 50-year-old she succeeded in being elected to the board of the “Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen” and “breaking the social democratic majority”. In contrast to Berlin, the women's movement from the “upper middle class” prevailed in Königsberg, and Helene Neumann, Pauline Bohn and Elisabet Boehm, was one of them. The Königsberger Hausfrauenbund (KHB) had hardly been founded in 1914 when the First World War broke out. Here Friedemann committed himself with the utmost commitment in a hospital and through the Königsberg Housewives' Association, which she presided over. In the post-war period, private life was completely overshadowed by professional commitment.

70th birthday party of Olga Friedemann with the heads of the Association of East Prussian Housewives' Associations and the Königsberg Housewives Association

In private, the 70th birthday in 1927 can only be reported again: This is where the leading women's rights activists from East Prussia, who headed the regional associations of East German housewives 'associations under the Königsberg Housewives' Association , met in the house of Helene Neumann in Rauschen, today Swetlogorsk in Kaliningrad Oblast . The most prominent guest was the honorary member of the Reich Association of German Housewives ' Associations , Hedwig Heyl , who had traveled from Berlin .

The following should be represented in the picture: Margarete Grundmann, Jenny (?) Lormann, Marie Habedank, Bertha Schiller, Elisabeth Sturmat, Agnes Haraun, Käthe Funk, Alma Rebehn, Amande Greter, Gertud Stark, Adele Schmidt, Erika von Gortzen, Helene Diehl, Frieda Stemplat, Elisabeth Störmer and Mrs. Wagner.

On the occasion of the above-mentioned 75th birthday on July 16, 1932, Olga Friedemann was portrayed in two sessions by the graphic artist Elisabeth Wolff-Zimmermann , student and wife of Heinrich Wolff . Wolff-Zimmermann commented on the painting in an essay entitled “From Correct Aging” in August 1932. Friedemann conducted a large correspondence with prominent women's rights activists, scientists and artists, including Helene Lange and Selma Lagerlöf .

For the time after the First World War, Friedemann writes in relation to her private life:

“The unfortunate time also brought great enrichment. Helene Neumann, from an old family of scholars, granddaughter of the famous physicist Franz Neumann , combined her domesticity with mine, and I became a co-fate, employee and daughter by choice, in whom I see the future of my work secured ”.

From 1934 Helene Neumann cared for the sick Olga Friedemann in Königsberg, then in her house in Rauschen until she died on August 23, 1935 in a Königsberg hospital. Her urn was buried in the family grave in Kraupischken. An issue of the East German housewife magazine is specially dedicated to Olga Friedemann.

Professional background

Newspaper of the Königsberger Hausfrauendbund or the Association of East German Housewives' Associations 1934 with imprint and logo KHB

As early as 1903, after the death of her father, Friedemann demanded in a lecture that housewives and domestic servants should belong to a single profession. She was influenced and fascinated by the life's work of three women: Pauline Bohn founded the Königsberg association Frauenwohl and brought it to the highest reputation. Elisabet Boehm and Helene Neumann, the latter with their union for homeworkers, had also campaigned intensively for the needs and rights of housewives. Her goal in life was to complete this work and to get the work of women recognized by the state.

A consequence of this development was the founding of the Königsberger Hausfrauenbundes (KHB) on March 8, 1914. The First World War initially interrupted other career-promoting initiatives. Until 1919 she was in charge of a “fortress auxiliary hospital I” with 800 beds. During these war years, the housewives' association was limited to housewife work, such as setting up a jam kitchen, holding lectures on a war-style kitchen, food provision and "middle class cuisine". In 1916 she also set up a “job placement service” and a “death fund” during the war. The death fund of the Königsberg Housewives Association was transferred to Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lebensversicherung AG on August 1, 1935

After the war in 1918, in the opinion of Olga Friedemann, there was a complete lack of training opportunities for young girls and women, especially since in the 1920s housework was only rated as very little. One of their first measures in the post-war period was to expand the KHB to all of East Prussia. She integrated the KHB and 18 other women's welfare associations by 1920 into the "Association of East German Housewives' Associations (VOH)". As early as 1919 she joined the Association of German Housewives' Associations (RDH) with the associations that had joined the VOH, and she was the third chairwoman of the board of directors for 14 years.

Friedemann and Helene Neumann published the "Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung", an organ of the KHB and the smaller East German housewives 'associations (Association of East German Housewives' Associations, VOB) integrated there. The "Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung" existed from year 1 (1926) to year 10 (1935). The newspaper with the logo of the Königsberger Hausfrauenbund (KHB) was taken over by the Reich Association of German Housewives' Associations as its body from 1924 .

Helene Neumann and Olga Friedemann achieved great influence in the RDH. They not only integrated the “Vocational Training Act” achieved in the Koenigsberg Housewives Association into the RDH, but also the “Work Evidence Act” and the “Food Act”. Against great resistance, Friedemann succeeded in getting the apprenticeship training recognized by the state until the first apprenticeship examination after two years of apprenticeship came in 1922. In 1926 Friedemann took the first examination of female pupils for "Master of Housekeeping" in Germany in the Königsberger Hausfrauenbund and on behalf of the RDH.

Vocational qualification for conformity in 1933

The power in 1933 by the Nazis, brought a " phasing " of all the associations of East Prussian housewife associations, led by the Konigsberg housewife Federal. In February 1934, new statutes were adopted for all associations and thus regulated the conditions of admission. Due to illness, Olga Friedemann resigned as chairman of the KHB and VOH in October of the same year. Her successor was not Helene Neumann, as generally assumed, but the party member Dora Schlochow, who was also the East German regional department head for economics. Schlochow led all East Prussian housewives' associations into the National Socialist " German Women's Work " (for details see Königsberger Hausfrauenbund).

Honors

The Red Cross medal 3rd class was awarded to Friedemann in 1916 because of her services to the Königsberg Housewives Association.

Olga Friedemann was awarded the 3rd Class Red Cross Medal on January 10, 1916 for her services to the civilian population in the First World War and for her work in the hospital .

Publications

  • The Association of East German Housewives' Associations. Ostpreußische Zeitung, commemorative edition 80 years of Ostpreußische Zeitung 1849–1929 , December 31, 1928, pp. 99–100.
  • The master of housekeeping. Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 5, No. 11 (1930), p. 1.
  • Out of my life. Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, vol. 10, no. 9 (1935), pp. 2-3.
  • Helene Neumann 60 years - A review and thanks. Housewife's newspaper, 9th vol. No. 4 (1934), p. 1.
  • Ways in the household profession. Creation, development and implementation of home economics vocational training in Germany with the currently valid agreements and regulations. Koenigsberg 1934.

literature

  • Erna Albrecht (Hrsg.): East Prussian Girls Trade School and Vocational Education Institute Königsberg. The domestic and commercial women's education system in Germany from the beginning to the present day. In: The vocational school. Delivery 12 (1956), pp. 103-110.
  • Freiin von Gahl: 25 years of the Provincial Association of East Prussian Agricultural Housewives' Associations. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 4, No. 12 (1929), p. 4.
  • Reichsverband Deutscher Hausfrauenvereine eV (Ed.): Yearbook 1931 of the professional association of German housewives. Volume 7, Berlin: Self-published by the Reich Association in 1930.
  • Helene Neumann : Olga Friedemann and her work . In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung Vol. 10, No. 9 (1935-1), pp. 3–4.
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding : From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title “Master of Housekeeping”: Pauline Bohn, Elisabet Boehm, Helene Neumann, Olga Friedemann. In: Preußenland No. 7 (2016), pp. 121–146.
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: Olga Friedemann (1857-1935). Pioneer of home economics vocational training to become a "master of home economics". In: Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 87 (2016), pp. 32–33.
  • Helene Neumann: 15 years of the Association of East German Housewives . In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung Königsberg, vol. 10, Christmas special issue (1935-2), p. 3.
  • Hermine Rust: Master craftsman training and apprenticeship in housekeeping, two gifts from Olga Friedemann to the German people . In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), p. 5.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Olga Friedemann estate: In: Archive of the Franz Neumann Foundation, endowment of the Königsberg Foundation. The estate includes magazines, documents and pictures from Friedemann's private collection.
  2. ↑ Olga Friedemann: From my life. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, Vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), pp. 2–3.
  3. ↑ Olga Friedemann: From my life. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, Vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), p. 3.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Helene Neumann: Olga Friedemann and her work. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung Vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), pp. 3–4
  5. ↑ Ibid., P. 3
  6. ^ Signatures from a congratulatory card, however, on Olga Friedemann's 75th birthday in 1932. In: Archive of the Franz Neumann Foundation, Königsberg Foundation, Berlin.
  7. ↑ Elisabeth Wolff-Zimmermann: From correct aging. Report on the creation of the painting by Olga Friedemann. In: Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung, newspaper clipping without further details from August 1932.
  8. ↑ Olga Friedemann: From my life. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, Vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), p. 3.
  9. ↑ B. Ansat: Concerns the death benefit of the housewives' association in Königsberg. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), p. 7.
  10. ^ Helene Neumann: 15 years of the Association of East German Housewives, East German Housewives' newspaper in Königsberg. Vol. 10, Christmas special (1935), p. 3.
  11. ^ Reichsverband Deutscher Hausfrauenvereine eV (Ed.), Yearbook 1931 of the Professional Association of German Housewives, Volume 7, Berlin: Self-published by the Reichsverband 1930.
  12. ↑ Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title "Master of Housekeeping": Pauline Bohn, Elisabet Boehm, Helene Neumann, Olga Friedemann. In: Preußenland No. 7 (2016), pp. 121–146.
  13. ↑ Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title "Master of Housekeeping". Part 2: Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 87 (2016) pp. 24–31.
  14. ↑ Olga Friedemann: The master of housekeeping. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 5, No. 11 (1930), p. 1
  15. ↑ Hermine Rust: Master training and apprenticeships in housekeeping, two gifts from Olga Friedemann to the German people. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 10, No. 9 (1935), p. 5.
personal data
SURNAME Friedemann, Olga
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German women's rights activist and housekeeping manager
DATE OF BIRTH July 16, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Plaschken , Tilsit district
DATE OF DEATH August 23, 1935
Place of death Koenigsberg